Rapid Tolerance and Locomotor Sensitization in Ethanol‐Naïve Adolescent Rhesus Macaques

Schwandt, Melanie L.; Higley, J. Dee; Suomi, Stephen J.; Heilig, Markus; Barr, Christina S.

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00676.x

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…When further data collection using the self-administration model was completed, allowing for larger samples of subjects to be analyzed, males in general were found to consume more alcohol than females (Fahlke et al, 2000). However, as more subjects have been added to the overall dataset, we have noted that this sex difference in consumption is more pronounced among monkeys tested in the single cage condition versus those tested in social groups When the two conditions are considered separately, males drink more than females in the single cage condition while there is no difference between the sexes in the social group condition (Barr et al, 2007; Schwandt et al, 2008). This is interesting in light of the fact that the social group testing condition may model high-risk drinking, in which case our findings suggest that even though rhesus macaques tested in the social group condition tend to drink less alcohol overall, males and females seem to be equal risk-takers in this context.…”

Section: Voluntary Self-administration Of Alcohol In Adolescent Rhesumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the administration of two equivalent doses also provided the opportunity to investigate changes in response from one dose to the next. Consequently, in addition to innate sensitivity, we were able to investigate both rapid tolerance—tolerance that develops between just two doses of ethanol (Kalant, 1993; Khanna et al, 1996)—and sensitization to the acute effects of ethanol (Schwandt et al, 2008). …”

Section: Acute Alcohol Exposure In Adolescent Rhesus Macaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used this opportunity to investigate age-related differences in response to alcohol, as well as potential differences in the pattern of change across adolescence in males and females. Utilizing factors analysis, we first identified three factors that summarized the behavioral response to acute alcohol: ataxia, stimulation, and disinhibition (Barr et al, 2007; Schwandt et al, 2007; Schwandt et al, 2008). When we analyzed these factors in relation to age at testing, we found that in both males and females there was an age-related decline in behavioral signs of ataxia (e.g., stumbles, falls, and sways) across the age range of 28 to 48 months, a period essentially coinciding with rhesus macaque adolescence (Schwandt et al, 2007).…”

Section: Acute Alcohol Exposure In Adolescent Rhesus Macaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This occurred in the absence of any difference in blood ethanol concentrations obtained after each dose. Furthermore, the magnitude of change in response in both behavioral domains was not associated with the amount of time between doses, which ranged from 5 to 30 days (Schwandt et al, 2008). This suggested that, not only do adolescent rhesus macaques develop rapid tolerance to the motor impairing effects of alcohol while at the same time developing locomotor sensitization, but that the effects of a single dose of ethanol in naïve subjects on these behavioral responses are not transient, but rather, persist for some time.…”

Section: Acute Alcohol Exposure In Adolescent Rhesus Macaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol response and consumption in adolescent rhesus macaques: life history and genetic influences

Schwandt¹,

Lindell²,

Chen³

et al. 2010

Alcohol

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The use of alcohol by adolescents is a growing problem and has become an important research topic in the etiology of the alcohol use disorders. A key component of this research has been the development of animal models of adolescent alcohol consumption and alcohol response. Due to their extended period of adolescence, rhesus macaques are especially well-suited for modeling alcoholrelated phenotypes that contribute to the adolescent propensity for alcohol consumption. In this review, we discuss studies from our laboratory that have investigated both the initial response to acute alcohol administration and the consumption of alcohol in voluntary self-administration paradigms in adolescent rhesus macaques. These studies confirm that adolescence is a time of dynamic change both behaviorally and physiologically, and that alcohol response and alcohol consumption are influenced by life history variables such as age, sex, and adverse early experience in the form of peer-rearing. Furthermore, genetic variants that alter functioning of the serotonin, endogenous opioid, and corticotropin releasing hormone systems are shown to influence both physiological and behavioral outcomes, in some cases interacting with early experience to indicate gene by environment interactions. These findings highlight several of the pathways involved in alcohol response and consumption, namely reward, behavioral dyscontrol, and vulnerability to stress, and demonstrate a role for these pathways during the early stages of alcohol exposure in adolescence.

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Section: Voluntary Self-administration Of Alcohol In Adolescent Rhesumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acute Alcohol Exposure In Adolescent Rhesus Macaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acute Alcohol Exposure In Adolescent Rhesus Macaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acute Alcohol Exposure In Adolescent Rhesus Macaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Alcohol response and consumption in adolescent rhesus macaques: life history and genetic influences

Schwandt¹,

Lindell²,

Chen³

et al. 2010

Alcohol

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“…The duration (in seconds) of stare threat and open mouth threat were recorded, while the remaining behaviours were recorded as frequencies. For detailed protocols see Schwandt et al (31). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet monoamine oxidase activity predicts alcohol sensitivity and voluntary alcohol intake in rhesus monkeys

Wargelius¹,

Fahlke²,

Suomi

et al. 2010

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences

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Platelet monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) has been proposed to be a biological marker for the properties of monoamine systems, with low activity being associated with vulnerability for high scores on personality traits such as sensation seeking, monotony avoidance, and impulsiveness, as well as for vulnerability for alcoholism. In the present study, platelet MAO-B activity was analysed in 78 rhesus macaques, and its relation to voluntary alcohol intake and behaviours after intravenous alcohol administration was observed.Monkeys with low platelet MAO-B activity had low levels of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid and showed excessive aggression after alcohol administration. A novel finding was that animals with low platelet MAO-B activity showed less intoxication following alcohol administration. As we have shown previously, they also voluntarily consumed more alcohol. We here replicate results from studies on both humans and non-human primates, showing the utility of platelet MAO as a marker for risk behaviours and alcohol abuse. Furthermore, we link platelet MAO activity to alcohol sensitivity.

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Effects of aggressive temperament on endogenous oxytocin levels in adult titi monkeys

Witczak

Ferrer

Bales

2018

American J Primatol

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Coordination of oxytocin (OT) activity and partner interactions is important for the facilitation and maintenance of monogamous pair bonds. We used coppery titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus) to identify the effects of male aggressive temperament on OT activity, affiliative partner-directed behaviors, aggressive partner-directed behaviors, anxiety-related behaviors, and hormone-behavior interactions. We used a mirror technique, simulating an intruder in the home territory of pairs to elicit behavioral responses, and quantified behaviors using an established ethogram. Plasma concentrations of OT (pg/ml) were quantified using enzyme immunoassay. We used general linear mixed models to predict 1) percent change in OT as a function of aggression score, and 2) percent change in behaviors as a function of aggression, OT, and OT by aggression interactions. High-aggressive males exhibited a significant drop in OT concentration relative to control when exposed to the front of the mirror (β = -0.22, SE = 0.10, t = -2.20, p = 0.04). High-aggressive males spent significantly less time in contact with their mates (β = -1.35, SE = 0.60, t = -2.26, p = 0.04) and lip-smacked less (β = -1.02, SE = 0.44, t = -2.32, p = 0.03) relative to control. We also saw a trend toward an interaction effect between OT and proximity such that High-aggressive males displaying a drop in OT exhibited a smaller percent increase in social proximity (β = 6.80, SE = 3.48, t = 1.96, p = 0.07). Males exhibiting a decrease in OT also trended toward back-arching and tail-lashing less in response to the mirror (β = 4.53, SE = 2.5, t = 1.82, p = 0.09). To our knowledge, this is the first empirical study to examine interactions between OT and temperament in adult monogamous primates. Future studies should incorporate measures of pair-mate interactions and early-life experience to further understand variation in responses to social stressors and their effects on pair bonding.

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Rapid Tolerance and Locomotor Sensitization in Ethanol‐Naïve Adolescent Rhesus Macaques

Cited by 18 publications

References 83 publications

Alcohol response and consumption in adolescent rhesus macaques: life history and genetic influences

Alcohol response and consumption in adolescent rhesus macaques: life history and genetic influences

Platelet monoamine oxidase activity predicts alcohol sensitivity and voluntary alcohol intake in rhesus monkeys

Effects of aggressive temperament on endogenous oxytocin levels in adult titi monkeys

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