Rapid transbilayer movement of phosphatidylcholine in unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine containing model membranes

Noordam, P.C.; Echteld, C.J.A. van; Kruijff, Ben de; Gier, J. De

doi:10.1016/0005-2736(81)90319-9

Cited by 39 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In pure lipid model membranes, a relationship exists between the tendency to form nonbilayer structures and the increase of transbilayer movement of phospholipid (Gerritsen et al, 1980;Noordam et al, 1981). In line with these observations, the ability of gramicidin to induce HII phase formation in erythocyte membranes as studied in this paper and the ability to induce an increase in flip rate of lysopalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and palmitoylcarnitine in erythrocytes as shown in the preceding paper (Classen et al, 1987) suggest that these phenomena are related.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Gramicidin-induced hexagonal HII phase formation in erythrocyte membranes

Tournois

Leunissen‐Bijvelt²,

Haest³

et al. 1987

Biochemistry

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Using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and freeze-fracture electron microscopic (FFEM) techniques, it is shown that gramicidin induces a hexagonal HII phase not only in liposomes prepared from total lipids extracted from human erythrocytes but also in isolated human erythrocyte membranes (white ghosts). A 37 degrees C, HII phase formation is detected at a gramicidin to phospholipid molar ratio exceeding 1:80. At a molar ratio of 1:5, about 30% of the phospholipid is organized in the HII phase. The gramicidin-induced HII phase exhibits a very small 31P chemical shift anisotropy [(CSA) approximately 10 +/- 1 ppm], indicating decreased head-group order, and it displays a temperature-dependent increase in tube diameter from 60.2 A at 4 degrees C to 64.2 A at 37 degrees C in ghosts and from 62.8 to 69.4 A at 37 degrees C in total lipid extracts, both in the presence of 1 mol of gramicidin/10 mol of phospholipid. This anomalous temperature-dependent behavior is probably due to the presence of cholesterol. 31P NMR data indicate that the HII phase formation by gramicidin is temperature dependent and show the gradual disappearance of the HII phase at low temperatures (less than 20 degrees C), resulting in a bilayer type of 31P NMR line shape at 4 degrees C, whereas SAXS and FFEM data suggest equal amounts of HII phases at all temperatures. This apparent discrepancy is probably the result of a decrease in the rate of lateral diffusion of the membrane phospholipids which leads to incomplete averaging of the 31P CSA in the HII phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Gramicidin-induced hexagonal HII phase formation in erythrocyte membranes

Tournois

Leunissen‐Bijvelt²,

Haest³

et al. 1987

Biochemistry

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“…In order todiscriminate between the two possibilities we studied the effect of addition of Mn 2+ ions. The validity of the use of paramagnetic ions to determine the amount of polar head groups facing the outside medium in saturated phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine bilayer systems has been demonstrated in earlier studies from our laboratory [38][39][40]. The paramagnetic ion is known to broaden the signals coming from the phospholipid molecules in the outside monolayer and under the conditions used these broadened signals are not measured.…”

Section: P-nmr Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparative study on the properties of saturated phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine bilayers: Barrier characteristics and susceptibility to phospholipase A2 degradation

Noordam

Killian

Elferink

et al. 1982

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids

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Comparative studies on bilayer systems of saturated phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines revealed a maximum in ionic permeability in phosphatidylcholine bilayers at the temperature of the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition but such an increase in permeability was not detectable in bilayers of phosphatidylethanolamine. Furthermore, it was found that at the phase transition temperature the phosphatidyicholine bilayers are subject to rapid hydrolysis by pancreatic phospholipase A2 whereas phosphatidylethanolamine bilayers are not. These differences are discussed in view of detailed information on the molecular organization in the gel and liquid crystalline phases of the two phospholipid classes.

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“…]aboveL-HI-G.]at L-HI + nmAg. (75) GC may decrease for similar reasons. Under these conditions, IMI still form rapidly between apposed bilayers, but will endure longer; they will therefore become more numerous.…”

Section: (52)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Fusion in this system has been extensively studied (29)(30)(31)(32)(33). The critical defect responsible for bilayer fusion by this mechanism is thought to be the periphery of the gelled, divalent cation-complexed lipid patches formed between the closely-apposed membranes (29,33,75). This mechanism is probably relevant to other acidic phospholipid systems as well.…”

Section: Pvimentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverted micellar structures in bilayer membranes. Formation rates and half-lives

Siegel¹

1984

Biophysical Journal

169

103

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Two sorts of inverted micellar structures have previously been proposed to explain morphological and 31P-NMR observations of bilayer systems. These structures only form in systems with components that can adopt the inverse hexagonal (HII) phase. LIP (lipidic particles) are intrabilayer structures, whereas IMI (inverted micellar intermediates) are structures that form between apposed bilayers. Here, we calculate the formation rates and half-lives of these structures to determine which (or if either) of these proposed structures is a likely explanation of the data. Calculations for the egg phosphatidylethanolamine and the Ca+-cardiolipin systems show that IMI form orders of magnitude faster than LIP, which should form slowly, if at all. This result is probably true in general, and indicates that "lipidic particle" electron micrograph images probably represent interbilayer structures, as some have previously proposed. It is shown here that IMI are likely intermediates in the lamellar----HII phase transitions and in the process of membrane fusion in some systems. The calculated formation rates, half-lives, and vesicle-vesicle fusion rates are in agreement with this observation.

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Rapid transbilayer movement of phosphatidylcholine in unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine containing model membranes

Cited by 39 publications

References 18 publications

Gramicidin-induced hexagonal HII phase formation in erythrocyte membranes

Gramicidin-induced hexagonal HII phase formation in erythrocyte membranes

Comparative study on the properties of saturated phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine bilayers: Barrier characteristics and susceptibility to phospholipase A2 degradation

Inverted micellar structures in bilayer membranes. Formation rates and half-lives

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