Rapid Urbanization and the Challenges of Obtaining Food and Nutrition Security

Ruel, Marie T.; Garrett, James Leo; Haddad, Lawrence

doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-464-3_22

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Though similar associations were observed in both rural and urban regions, these relations may be driven by different dynamics. In urban regions, for example, households purchase as much as 90 percent of their food and food expenditures commonly comprise a larger proportion of total household expenditures than among rural households (PCC, 1990;Ruel, Garrett, & Haddad, 2008). Therefore, low-income urban households may be less able to purchase more expensive animal-source foods because these foods would require a large proportion of the household's total food budget.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Food Insecurity is Associated with Heterogeneous Patterns of Diet Quality Across Urban and Rural Regions of Malawi

Jones¹

2015

World Med & Health Policy

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The nutritional consequences of food insecurity in rural as compared to urban regions of low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) have not been well differentiated. We aimed to determine the region‐specific associations of food security with diet diversity, consumption of foods associated with the nutrition transition, and child stunting and overweight. We used data on 12,271 households from the 2010–2011 Malawi Third Integrated Household Survey (IHS3). We used multiple logistic regression analyses to assess the relation between household food security, measured using an adapted version of the Coping Strategies Index (CSI), and consumption of specific food groups and beverages as well as height‐for‐age Z‐score (HAZ) and weight‐for‐height Z‐score (WHZ) of preschool‐aged children. Analyses were stratified by urban and rural region. Food insecurity was associated with less diverse diets (p < 0.001), and among urban residents, higher odds of consumption of refined grains and processed vendor foods, and lower odds of consumption of millets (p < 0.05). In adjusted analyses, food security was not strongly associated with child anthropometry. Food insecure urban residents may be especially vulnerable to poor health outcomes associated with both poor access to nutrient‐dense foods and diets high in refined and processed foods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Food Insecurity is Associated with Heterogeneous Patterns of Diet Quality Across Urban and Rural Regions of Malawi

Jones¹

2015

World Med & Health Policy

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“…Our work brings into focus food systems as a key driver of the nutrition transition that complements these other dimensions of change. Broad drivers of food system changes largely stem from processes of global economic and demographic change, including the shift in agriculture practices after the green revolution, providing more and cheaper grain products for global markets; changes in the types of foods produced by the food system, to include more processed foods on the one hand and greater ability to distribute fresh foods on the other; increasing globalization of value chains reaching well beyond the agricultural production system; trade and investment liberalization providing access to more tradable, less perishable inputs particularly through the emergence of fast food outlets and supermarkets; urbanization of populations due to land and employment pressures, and changes to food acquisition options in urban areas; and changing preferences stemming from increased incomes, a growing interconnectedness of the global middle class, and broader reach of advertising and media marketing comparably cheap industrialized products (Pingali 2004, Ruel et al 2008, Baker and Friel 2014, Rischke et al 2015, Global Panel on Agriculture and Food Systems for Nutrition 2016, Cook 2017). Generally, it is those low-and middle-income countries whose food systems are highly penetrated by transnational food companies that are experiencing the fastest change in exposure to unhealthy processed foods (Stuckler et al 2012).…”

Section: Introduction: Drivers Of a Nutrition Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition transition in Zambia: Changing food supply, food prices, household consumption, diet and nutrition outcomes

et al. 2019

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The nutrition transition literature has generally drawn on epidemiologic and demographic changes to make its argument, because in many cases broader data are not available on the drivers of nutrition change. Going further, this paper draws on wider food systems literature, and includes food price and expenditure data, to join the dots from macroeconomic and food system change to food sources, production, and price; to household-level expenditures; to changing diets and nutrition and health outcomes, illustrated through the case of Zambia. Many of the economic and demographic drivers of the nutrition transition are present in Zambia, including rising GDP, high urbanization and increasing supermarket penetration. Food supply data show a reduction in calories available per capita over several decades, and low levels of nutrient-rich plant and animal source foods which make up a diverse, nutritious diet. National food price data show that while the cost of food has reduced overall, nutrient-rich foods are more expensive relative to staple foods over time. Expenditure on staple foods has reduced in the past two decades while spending on fruits and vegetables, animal source foods, fats and sugars, and processed foods has increased, with these change greater in rural areas in recent years, but already more advanced in urban areas. Finally, while undernutrition is reducing slowly from very high levels and hunger persists, overweight and obesity and non-communicable chronic diseases are increasing; and data are strikingly lacking on modern Zambian diets. The Zambia case study is placed within regional and global trends to illustrate nutrition transition changes that are now happening in rapidly changing lower-middle income countries. Policy responses include promoting the availability of diverse nutrient-dense foods, and concurrent attention to preventing under-and over-nutrition in surveillance and policy. This paper also sheds light on the gaps in information that would greatly improve our understanding of the food system drivers of the nutrition transition, and hence our ability to create relevant policy.

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“…En segundo lugar, responde a los problemas fundamentales de equidad, bienestar y desarrollo social; con ello los riesgos de "ser joven" se multiplican cuando tienen que enfrentar otras condiciones de vulnerabilidad (exclusión, pobreza o carencia) asociadas a su situación socioeconómica, geográfica, étnica o biológica (Montgomery & Hewett, 2005;Ruel, Haddad & Garrett, 2008;Unicef, 2016Unicef, y 2017.…”

Section: Riesgo Socialunclassified

Abandono escolar en educación media superior: conocimiento y aportaciones de política pública

López¹

2018

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Rapid Urbanization and the Challenges of Obtaining Food and Nutrition Security

Cited by 34 publications

References 36 publications

Household Food Insecurity is Associated with Heterogeneous Patterns of Diet Quality Across Urban and Rural Regions of Malawi

Household Food Insecurity is Associated with Heterogeneous Patterns of Diet Quality Across Urban and Rural Regions of Malawi

Nutrition transition in Zambia: Changing food supply, food prices, household consumption, diet and nutrition outcomes

Abandono escolar en educación media superior: conocimiento y aportaciones de política pública

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