Rapid warming of Large Marine Ecosystems

Belkin, Igor M.

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.011

Cited by 811 publications

(564 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, more specific changes in climate conditions and, consequently, in the marine environment are often largely determined by the location and general characteristics of the sea (Philippart et al 2011). In Europe, for example, warming has primarily been higher in the northern and enclosed seas than in the southern or open ones (Belkin 2009). …”

Section: Future Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Past and future challenges in managing European seas

Blenckner¹,

Kannen²,

Barausse³

et al. 2015

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Marine environments have undergone large-scale changes in recent decades as a result of multiple anthropogenic pressures, such as overfishing, eutrophication, habitat fragmentation, etc., causing often nonlinear ecosystem responses. At the same time, management institutions lack the appropriate measures to address these abrupt transformations. We focus on existing examples from social-ecological systems of European seas that can be used to inform and advise future management. Examples from the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea on long-term ecosystem changes caused by eutrophication and fisheries, as well as changes in management institutions, illustrate nonlinear dynamics in social-ecological systems. Furthermore, we present two major future challenges, i.e., climate change and energy intensification, that could further increase the potential for nonlinear changes in the near future. Practical tools to address these challenges are presented, such as ensuring learning, flexibility, and networking in decision-making processes across sectors and scales. A combination of risk analysis with a scenario-planning approach might help to identify the risks of ecosystem changes early on and may frame societal changes to inform decision-making structures to proactively prevent drastic surprises in European seas.

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Section: Future Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Past and future challenges in managing European seas

Blenckner¹,

Kannen²,

Barausse³

et al. 2015

E&S

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to its semi-enclosed character, the North Sea is one of the seas most vulnerable towards such ocean warming trends [28]. Mean sea surface temperatures in the North Sea have increased two to four times faster than average, more than 1.3°C in the last decades [28][29][30]. The probability of extreme summers and years has more than doubled simultaneously [29], both of which could support the spreading of potentially pathogenic vibrios in this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Patterns of Potentially Pathogenic Vibrio spp. at Recreational Beaches of the German North Sea

Böer

Heinemeyer²,

Luden³

et al. 2013

Microb Ecol

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The number of reported Vibrio-related wound infections associated with recreational bathing in Northern Europe has increased within the last decades. In order to study the health risk from potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the central Wadden Sea, the seasonal and spatial distribution of Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio cholerae were investigated at ten recreational beaches in this area over a 2-year period. V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus were found to be omnipresent all year round in the study area, while V. vulnificus occurrence was restricted to summer months in the estuaries of the rivers Ems and Weser. Multiple linear regression models revealed that water temperature is the most important determinant of Vibrio spp. occurrence in the area. Differentiated regression models showed a species-specific response to water temperature and revealed a particularly strong effect of even minor temperature increases on the probability of detecting V. vulnificus in summer. In sediments, Vibrio spp. concentrations were up to three orders of magnitude higher than in water. Also, V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus were found to be less susceptible towards winter temperatures in the benthic environment than in the water, indicating an important role of sediments for Vibrio ecology. While only a very small percentage of tested V. parahaemolyticus proved to be potentially pathogenic, the presence of V. vulnificus during the summer months should be regarded with care.

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“…The ECS Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) warmed rapidly in 1982-1998, whereas the adjacent SCS LME warmed much slower (Belkin 2009). The strong regional variability of global warming observed in the late 20th century across the East Asian seas begs a few questions: Which sea does the Taiwan Strait climate gravitate to, ECS or SCS?…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%