Rapid Weight Gain, at Least in Some Women, Is an Expression of a Neuroendocrine State Characterized by Reduced Hypothalamic Dopaminergic Tone

Ferreira, Mariana; Sobrinho, L. G.; Santos, Maria do Carmo; Sousa, Mário F.; Uvnäs‐Moberg, Kerstin

doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00063-8

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Galactorrhea was significantly more common in the Rather, conditions in early life, possibly related to a prolongation of the early symbiotic relationship between group that gained weight. This group scored higher for depression in the MMPI and SCL90 test than mother and child, in the absence of a father that provides support for both and an alternative model and love object controls [17,18]. Moreover, important life events almost always preceded the weight gain while they were for the child, predispose some girls to react with hyperprolactinemia to specific events later in life.…”

Section: Psychological Correlates Of Hyperprolactinemia In Humansmentioning

confidence: 90%

Emotional Aspects of Hyperprolactinemia

Sobrinho

1998

Psychother Psychosom

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Patients with hyperprolactinemia often present with emotional difficulties. These occasionally persist even after successful treatment. Insight into the roots of their diseased state makes a difference in the handling of all cases, but becomes crucial in the not-so-rare situations in which the normalization of hormonal levels is not followed by a feeling of cure. This chapter attempts to provide details, discuss and situate in context the following blocks of pertinent information: (1) prolactin acts upon the central nervous system and variations in its concentrations do affect mood, emotions and behavior; (2) most actions of prolactin are directed to metabolical and behavioral adaptation to pregnancy and the care of the young; (3) even in the absence of pregnancy prolactin secretion responds to environmental stimuli under specific conditions. Whether adaptive, as in the case of surrogate maternity, or pathological, as in the case of pseudopregnancy, prolactin responds to a perceived need to take care of a child; (4) the facts that the clinical onset of prolactinomas often follows life-events and that these tumors occur preferentially in women brought up under specific conditions suggest the possibility that psychological factors may predispose to prolactinomas; (5) dealing with individual cases requires the perception that the relations between prolactin, emotions and feelings are circular, i.e., prolactin affects the brain and mood but, on the other hand, personality traits and environmental factors may stimulate the secretion of prolactin and may play a role in the genesis of the disease.

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Section: Psychological Correlates Of Hyperprolactinemia In Humansmentioning

confidence: 90%

Emotional Aspects of Hyperprolactinemia

Sobrinho

1998

Psychother Psychosom

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“…In rats hyperprolactinemia is associated with increased food intake and body weight [39,40] and suppression of prolactin leads to weight loss. In humans, elevated serum prolactin has been associated with weight gain and obesity [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] and several investigators reported that 10-25% of patients with prolactinomas are overweight. In a retrospective study published in 2006, Schmid et al calculated the prevalence of obesity in patients with pituitary adenomas and noted that 25% of patients with a macroprolactinoma had a BMI C 30 kg/m 2 , which was similar to that seen in patients with Cushing's disease (22%) and acromegaly (21%).…”

Section: Prolactin Body Fat and Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increased prolactin release was proportional to body mass index and to the size of visceral fat mass [43]. Obese women and women with significant recent weight gain have higher prolactin levels than controls, although levels remain in the normal range [46,48,50]. Only a few studies have used DXA to assess body composition in hyperprolactinemic women and these are detailed below.…”

Section: Prolactin Body Fat and Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of hyperprolactinemia on bone and fat

2008

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Many patients with prolactin secreting pituitary tumors have decreased bone mineral. The bone loss is associated with an increase in bone resorption and is secondary to prolactin-induced hypogonadism. In both sexes trabecular bone in the spine and hip is more affected than cortical bone in the distal radius. Normalization of prolactin and restoration of gonadal function increases bone density but is not associated with normalization of bone mass. It is not known whether the bone loss in hyperprolactinemic subjects represents a failure to achieve peak bone mass or is due to accelerated bone loss. Despite low bone density hyperprolactinemic subjects do not demonstrate increased fractures. The association between prolactin, weight gain and obesity suggests that prolactin may also be a modulator of body composition and body weight. It is not known whether hyperprolactinemia associated weight gain is due to stimulation of lipogenesis or due to disruption of central nervous system dopaminergic tone. Hyperprolactinemia is also associated with insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction which may improve after normalization of prolactin. The clinical significance of these findings and the precise role of prolactin in regulation of weight and metabolism remain to be elucidated.

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“…Elevated serum prolactin levels are often observed during treatment with typical APs, and excessive weight gain is associated to hyperprolactinemia in humans [25,32] and rats [29,50]. Prolactin may promote weight gain by decreasing gonadal steroid synthesis [4,10,21], impairing insulin sensitivity [17,27,45,59,61,65], adrenal function [30,43], and by interacting with neuromodulators involved in feeding regulation such as galanin and b-endorphin [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine and Metabolic Abnormalities Involved in Obesity [nl]Associated with Typical Antipsychotic Drug Administration

Baptista

Lacruz²,

Angeles³

et al. 2001

Pharmacopsychiatry

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In this study, the authors assessed the endocrine system and glucose tolerance in obese and non-obese women chronically treated with typical antipsychotic drugs (AP). In particular, we tested the hypotheses that these subjects display hypogonadism and increased insulin resistance compared to healthy weight-matched controls, as these abnormalities create a tendency towards excessive body weight gain. Twenty-six AP-treated women were matched with 26 healthy women by age, body mass index and day of the menstrual cycle. The following serum variables were evaluated in each subject: glucose tolerance after an oral glucose overload, insulin, leptin, beta-endorphin, reproductive hormones, adrenal steroids and lipids. Compared to controls, AP-treated women displayed significantly higher levels of basal glucose, insulin after 60 min of the glucose overload, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone and beta-endorphin, with lower levels of C-Peptide, progesterone, 17-OH progesterone, androstenedione and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The levels of estradiol, estrone and leptin did not differ between the groups. Thus, women treated with typical AP appeared to display more insulin resistance than healthy controls, predisposing them to excessive weight gain. Insulin sensitivity might be further impaired when the subject switches to atypical AP administration. Metformin and related agents may reduce body weight in these subjects. The high levels of the opiate beta-endorphin suggest that opiate antagonists such as naloxone and naltrexone might be useful as well. Even though the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle appears to be severely disturbed, the normal serum levels of estradiol and estrone do not support the proposal derived from animal experimental studies about the use of estrogens or tamoxifen to counteract AP-induced obesity.

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Rapid Weight Gain, at Least in Some Women, Is an Expression of a Neuroendocrine State Characterized by Reduced Hypothalamic Dopaminergic Tone

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Emotional Aspects of Hyperprolactinemia

Emotional Aspects of Hyperprolactinemia

The effects of hyperprolactinemia on bone and fat

Endocrine and Metabolic Abnormalities Involved in Obesity [nl]Associated with Typical Antipsychotic Drug Administration

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