Rapid weight gain in professional boxing and correlation with fight decisions: analysis from 71 title fights

Daniele, Gianlorenzo; Weinstein, Richard N.; Wallace, Paul Wesley; Palmieri, Vincenzo; Bianco, Massimiliano

doi:10.1080/00913847.2016.1228421

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In most 239 combat sports, it was reported that the majority of weight lost in 240 the 24 h before weigh-in was recovered prior to competition and 241 the majority of weight lost was typically regained 7 days 242 following weigh-in ( The present study sought to investigate the strategies used for tasks, 6,12,17 or at least no increase in competitive success. 24,25 We 315 also provide further evidence that weight loss practices in MMA 316 may be more extreme than other combat sports 6 with MMA 317 reporting significantly greater weight loss than other combat 318 sports within two weeks and 24 h of weighing-in (Table 3). The percentage of TKD athletes also reported competing at the 330 professional level and the magnitude of weight loss in TKD was 331 similar to other combat sports assessed ( Table 2 and 3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

Weight Loss Strategies in Combat Sports and Concerning Habits in Mixed Martial Arts

Barley¹,

Chapman²,

Abbiss³

2018

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

106

134

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Body-mass manipulation was present in all combat sports, with the prevalence and magnitude of acute weight loss greater in MMA. The incidence of and practices reported will help support staff be fully aware of the variety of methods these athletes and coaches may use to achieve weight loss. Additionally, the results could aid regulatory bodies in the further development of policies on weight cutting.

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mentioning

confidence: 73%

Weight Loss Strategies in Combat Sports and Concerning Habits in Mixed Martial Arts

Barley¹,

Chapman²,

Abbiss³

2018

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

106

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As weight-cutting is done in preparation for competition it is essential to understand the influence on performance. Studies correlating weight manipulation strategies to competitive outcomes in boxing have reported greater weight loss and regain to improve [32,33,34] or have no influence on competitive success [35,36]. The results of laboratory-based trials investigating the effects of weight-cutting on varying aspects of exercise performance are also mixed.…”

Section: Weight-cutting and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Current State of Weight-Cutting in Combat Sports

Barley

Chapman

Abbiss

2019

Sports

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In combat sports, athletes are divided into categories based on gender and body mass. Athletes attempt to compete against a lighter opponent by losing body mass prior to being weighed (i.e., ‘weight-cutting’). The purpose of this narrative review was to explore the current body of literature on weight-cutting and outline gaps for further research. Methods of weight-loss include energy intake restriction, total body fluid reduction and pseudo extreme/abusive medical practice (e.g., diuretics). The influence of weight-cutting on performance is unclear, with studies suggesting a negative or no effect. However, larger weight-cuts (~5% of body mass in <24 h) do impair repeat-effort performance. It is unclear if the benefit from competing against a smaller opponent outweighs the observed reduction in physical capacity. Many mechanisms have been proposed for the observed reductions in performance, ranging from reduced glycogen availability to increased perceptions of fatigue. Athletes undertaking weight-cutting may be able to utilise strategies around glycogen, total body water and electrolyte replenishment to prepare for competition. Despite substantial discussion on managing weight-cutting in combat sports, no clear solution has been offered. Given the prevalence of weight-cutting, it is important to develop a deeper understanding of such practices so appropriate advice can be given.

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“…Whilst there appears to be little effect of AWL/RWL on winning or losing in striking inclusive sports (Daniele, Weinstein, Wallace, Palmieri, & Bianco, 2016;Kirk, Langan-Evans, & Morton, 2020;Reale, Cox, Slater, & Burke, 2017), there is some support for this practice being predictive of success in grappling only events (Reale, Cox, Slater, & Burke, 2016;Wroble & Moxley, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-competition body mass loss characteristics of Brazilian jiu-jitsu competitors in the United Kingdom

White

Kirk

2021

Nutr Health

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Background: Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) is a grappling-based combat sport in which competitors engage in pre-competition acute ‘weight’ loss (AWL) and rapid ‘weight’ loss (RWL) to achieve the body mass (BM) required for their desired division. AWL/RWL practices of UK BJJ competitors have not previously been reported. Aim: Our aim in this study was to determine the prevalence, magnitude and stakeholder influences of AWL and RWL amongst BJJ participants in the United Kingdom (UK). A secondary aim was to explore whether there is any influence of time spent in the sport or competition frequency on AWL/RWL practices. Methods: In this study we used the rapid weight loss questionnaire (RWLQ) adapted for BJJ to determine the prevalence and magnitude of AWL/RWL in UK BJJ, the prevalence of methods used and the key stakeholder influences on these practices. As a secondary investigation we aimed to determine whether there was any effect of age starting BJJ on AWL/RWL. Results: Of 115 completed responses, 59% stated they performed AWL/RWL before competition. Mean BM loss for this competition was 1.9 ± 3.8 kg (2.3 ± 4.6%), with 34% of participants starting BM loss 3–7 days prior and 16% starting 0–2 days prior. Methods used tend to be achieving calorie deficit via exercise and diet rather than hypohydration, with little advice from formally qualified personnel. Participants who perform AWL/RWL started training (BF10 = 199, d = .72) and competing (BF10 = 107, d = .68) in BJJ younger than those who do not perform AWL/RWL. Conclusions: AWL/RWL is prevalent in UK BJJ, but not at the magnitude of other combat sports or countries. Though negative effects of extreme hypohydration are unlikely, there may be a higher chance of eating disorders in BJJ, particularly due to the young age of AWL/RWL commencement.

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Rapid weight gain in professional boxing and correlation with fight decisions: analysis from 71 title fights

Abstract: Although correlations between WG, WD and boxing performance were not found, single cases with an alarming high WG and WD were noted.

Cited by 28 publications

References 30 publications

Weight Loss Strategies in Combat Sports and Concerning Habits in Mixed Martial Arts

Weight Loss Strategies in Combat Sports and Concerning Habits in Mixed Martial Arts

The Current State of Weight-Cutting in Combat Sports

Pre-competition body mass loss characteristics of Brazilian jiu-jitsu competitors in the United Kingdom

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