Rapidly Declining SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titers within 4 Months after BNT162b2 Vaccination

Kim, Eui Joong; Minn, Dohsik; Lim, Jaegyun; Lee, Ki-Doek; Kang, Yu-Min; Choe, Kuk Jin; Kim, Kwang-Nam

doi:10.3390/vaccines9101145

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Even though all patients had a decline in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and their neutralizing activity, humoral responses in 90% (the majority) of our PWLD were found to be above the assay's threshold of positivity. This is in line with those found in studies in vaccinated healthcare workers with no liver diseases [35,36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Antibody Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Liver Diseases

Bakasis

Bitzogli

Mouziouras

et al. 2022

Viruses

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The novel mRNA-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 display encouraging safety and efficacy profiles. However, there is a paucity of data regarding their immunogenicity and safety in patients with liver diseases (PWLD), especially in those with cirrhosis. We prospectively assessed anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-spike IgG antibodies and neutralizing activity in fully vaccinated PWLD (n = 87) and controls (n = 40). Seroconversion rates were 97.4% (37/38) in cirrhotic PWLD, 87.8% (43/49) in non-cirrhotic PWLD and 100% (40/40) in controls. Adequate neutralizing activity was detected in 92.1% (35/38), 87.8% (43/49) and 100% (40/40) of cirrhotics, non-cirrhotics and controls, respectively. On multivariable analysis, immunosuppressive treatment was negatively correlated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers (coefficient (SE): −2.716 (0.634), p < 0.001) and neutralizing activity (coefficient (SE): −24.379 (4.582), p < 0.001), while age was negatively correlated only with neutralizing activity (coefficient (SE): −0.31(0.14), p = 0.028). A total of 52 responder PWLD were reassessed approximately 3 months post-vaccination and no differences were detected in humoral responses between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic PWLD. No significant side effects were noted post vaccination, while no symptomatic breakthrough infections were reported during a 6-month follow up. Overall, our study shows that m-RNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are safe and efficacious in PWLD. However, PWLD under immunosuppressive treatment and those of advanced age should probably be more closely monitored after vaccination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Antibody Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Liver Diseases

Bakasis

Bitzogli

Mouziouras

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…1 ). This phenomenon was formerly reported in both natural infection and mRNA vaccination [35] , [36] . The persistence of long-lived bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs) is crucial in maintaining the antibody in serum [37] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Dynamic of anti-spike receptor binding domain (RBD) levels and short-term adverse events following a heterologous booster dose of BNT162b2 after two doses of CoronaVac in Thai health care workers

Kitro

Sirikul

Thongkum

et al. 2022

Vaccine

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“…At the time of the study, no long-term vaccine responses could be obtained. A rapid antibody decline pattern has in the meantime been found by others, e. g. [ 32 ]. This very relevant aspect will be further investigated in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

SARS-CoV2 wild type and mutant specific humoral and T cell immunity is superior after vaccination than after natural infection

Richardson¹,

Götz²,

Mayr³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Objective We investigated blood samples from fully SARS-CoV2-vaccinated subjects and from previously positive tested patients up to one year after infection with SARS-CoV2, and compared short- and long-term T cell and antibody responses, with a special focus on the recently emerged delta variant (B.1.617.2). Methods and results In 23 vaccinated subjects, we documented high anti-SARS-CoV2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody titers. Average virus neutralization by antibodies, assessed as inhibition of ACE2 binding to RBD, was 2.2-fold reduced for delta mutant vs. wild type (wt) RBD. The mean specific antibody titers were lower one year after natural infection than after vaccination; ACE2 binding to delta mutant vs. wt RBD was 1.65-fold reduced. In an additional group, omicron RBD binding was reduced compared to delta. Specific CD4+ T cell responses were measured after stimulation with peptides pools from wt, alpha, beta, gamma, or delta variant SARS-CoV2 spike proteins by flow cytometric intracellular cytokine staining. There was no significant difference in cytokine production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, or IL-2 between vaccinated subjects. T cell responses to wt or mutant SARS-CoV2 spike were significantly weaker after natural occurring infections compared to those in vaccinated individuals. Conclusion Antibody neutralisation of the delta mutant was reduced compared to wt, as assessed in a novel inhibition assay with a finger prick blood drop. Strong CD4 T cell responses were present against wt and mutant SARS-CoV2 variants, including the delta (B.1.617.2) strain, in fully vaccinated individuals, whereas they were partly weaker 1 year after natural infection. Hence, immune responses after vaccination are stronger compared to those after naturally occurring infection, pointing out the need of the vaccine to overcome the pandemic.

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Rapidly Declining SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titers within 4 Months after BNT162b2 Vaccination

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Antibody Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Liver Diseases

Antibody Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Liver Diseases

Dynamic of anti-spike receptor binding domain (RBD) levels and short-term adverse events following a heterologous booster dose of BNT162b2 after two doses of CoronaVac in Thai health care workers

SARS-CoV2 wild type and mutant specific humoral and T cell immunity is superior after vaccination than after natural infection

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