Rapidly Establishing an Ultra-Cold Supply Chain of Vaccines in Israel: Evidence for the Efficacy of Inoculation to Mitigate the COVID-19 Pandemic

Naor, Michael; Pinto, Gavriel David; Davidov, Pini; Abdrbo, Lina

doi:10.3390/vaccines11020349

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has placed an extraordinary burden on global healthcare infrastructures, potentially impacting the continuity of standard immunization efforts [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Disruptions in the supply chain of vaccines, the redirection of healthcare resources and personnel to COVID-19 management [ 21 ], the logistic challenges of COVID-19 immunization [ 22 ], and heightened public reluctance to visit medical facilities due to infection risk have all been implicated in the observed decrease in vaccination rates [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Such a downturn in immunization coverage poses a severe danger to millions of children, leaving them vulnerable to diseases preventable by vaccines [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Has COVID-19 Affected DTP3 Vaccination in the Americas?

Aguinaga-Ontoso,

Guillén-Aguinaga,

Guillén-Aguinaga

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Background: In the Americas, deaths by diseases avoidable with vaccines are a significant contributor to child mortality. An essential means of reducing this is through broad vaccine coverage. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a potential disruption to vaccine coverage due to its effects on the healthcare system. Objectives: this study aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on DTP3 vaccination coverage in the Americas, investigating trends from 2012 to 2022 to identify significant changes, regional disparities, and the overall effect of the pandemic on progress towards global immunization targets. Methods: This study used the coverage data for the third dose of the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine (DTP3) pulled from UNICEF databases spanning 2012 to 2022. We conducted a Joinpoint regression to identify points of significant trend changes. The annual percentage change (APC) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for America and its regions. We also used segmented regression analysis. Using the Chi-square test, we compared DTP3 vaccination coverage for each country between 2019 and 2022. Results: Overall, America saw a decrease in vaccine coverage during this period, with an APC of −1.4 (95% CI −1.8; −1.0). This trend varied across regions. In North America, the decrease was negligible (−0.1% APC). South America showed the steepest decrease, with an APC of −2.5%. Central America also declined, with an APC of −1.3%. Our findings suggest a concerning trend of declining DTP-vaccination rates in the Americas, exacerbated in certain regions, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The absolute decrease in vaccine coverage in the Americas was −4% between 2019 and 2022, with the most important drop being in Central America (−7%). However, six countries reported increased vaccination rates post-COVID-19, led by Brazil, with a 7% increase. Conversely, twenty-two countries registered a decline in DTP3 vaccine coverage, with the average decrease being −7.37%. This decline poses an important challenge to achieving the WHO’s target of 90% coverage for the third dose of DTP by 2030, as evidenced by the reduction in the number of countries meeting this target from 2019 to 2022. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted vaccine coverage in America, leading to a decrease, especially across Central America.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Has COVID-19 Affected DTP3 Vaccination in the Americas?

Aguinaga-Ontoso,

Guillén-Aguinaga,

Guillén-Aguinaga

et al. 2024

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…COVID-19 introduced an even greater need for drone deliveries in the form of contactless supply drops [10]. The distribution of personal protective equipment (PPE) and other critical medical supplies throughout the pandemic could have been conducted more extensively by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to reach those in need faster and minimize person-to-person contact during the distribution process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Takeoff and Landing for Distribution of Parcels to Hospitals: A Case Study about Industry 5.0 Application in Israel’s Healthcare Arena

Naor,

Pinto,

Davidov

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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To gain a sustained competitive advantage, organizations such as UPS, Fedex, Amazon, etc., began to seek for industry 5.0 innovative autonomous delivery options for the last mile. Autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles are a promising alternative for the logistics industry. The fact that drones are propelled by green renewable energy source fits the companies’ need to become sustainable, replacing their fuel truck fleets, especially for traveling to remote rural locations to deliver small packages, but a major obstacle is the necessity for charging stations which is well documented in the literature. Therefore, the current research embarks on devising a novel yet practical piece of technology adopting the simplicity approach of direct flights to destinations. The analysis showcases the application for a network of warehouses and hospitals in Israel while controlling costs. Given the products in the case study are medical, direct flight has the potential to save lives when every moment counts. Hydrogen cell technology allows long-range flying without refueling, and it is both vibration-free which is essential for sensitive medical equipment and environmentally friendly in terms of air pollution and silence in urban areas. Importantly, hydrogen cells are lighter, with higher energy density than batteries, which makes them ideal for drone usage to reduce weight, maintain a longer life, and enable faster charging, all of which minimize downtime. Also, hydrogen sourcing is low-cost and unlimited compared to lithium-ion material which needs to be mined. The case study investigates an Israeli entrepreneurial company, Gadfin, which builds a vertical takeoff-and-landing-type of drone with folded wings that enable higher speed for the delivery of refrigerated medical cargo, blood, organs for transplant, and more to hospitals in partnership with the Israeli medical logistic conglomerate, SAREL. An analysis of shipping optimization (concerning the number and type of drone) is conducted using a mixed-integer linear programming technique based on various types of constraints such as traveling distance, parcel weight, the amount of flight controllers and daily number of flights allowed in order to not overcrowd the airspace. Importantly, the discussion assesses the ecosystem’s variety of risks and commensurate safety mechanisms for advancing a newly shaped landscape of drones in an Israeli tight airspace to establish a network of national routes for drone traffic. The conclusion of this research cautions limitations to overcome as the utilization of drones expand and offers future research avenues.

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“…The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has placed an extraordinary burden on global healthcare infrastructures, potentially impacting the continuity of standard immunization efforts [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Disruptions in the supply chain of vaccines, the redirection of healthcare resources and personnel to COVID-19 management [21], the logistic challenges of COVID-18 immunization [22], and heightened public reluctance to visit medical facilities due to infection risk have all been implicated in the observed decrease in vaccination rates [23][24][25][26][27][28]. Such a downturn in immunization coverage poses a severe risk to millions of children, leaving them vulnerable to diseases preventable by vaccines [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Has COVID-19 Affected DTP3 Vaccination in the Americas?

Aguinaga-Ontoso,

Guillén-Aguinaga,

Guillén-Aguinaga

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: In America, vaccine-related deaths constitute a significant contributor to child mortality. An essential means of reducing this is through broad vaccine coverage. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a potential disruption to vaccine coverage due to its effects on the healthcare system. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on DTP3 vaccination coverage in the Americas, investigating trends from 2012 to 2022 to identify significant changes, regional disparities, and the overall effect of the pandemic on progress towards global immunization targets. Methods: This study used the coverage data for the third dose of the Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis Vaccine (DTP3) pulled from UNICEF databases spanning 2012 to 2022. We conducted a JoinPoint regression to identify points of significant trend changes. The annual percentage change (APC) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for America and its regions. We also used segmented regression analysis. Using the Chi-square test, we compared DTP3 vaccination coverage for each country between 2019 and 2022. Results: Overall, America saw a decrease in vaccine coverage during this period, with an APC of -1.4 (95% CI -1.8.; -1.0). This trend varied across regions. In North America, the decrease was negligible (-0.1% APC). South America showed the steepest decrease, with an APC of -2.5%. Central America also signif-icantly declined, with an APC of -1.3%. Our findings suggest a concerning trend of declining DTP vaccination rates in the Americas, exacerbated in certain regions, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The absolute decrease in vaccine coverage in the Americas was -4 % between 2019 and 2022, with the most significant drop observed in Central America (-7 %). However, six countries reported increased vaccination rates post-COVID-19, led by Brazil, with a 7% increase. Conversely, twenty-two countries registered a decline in DTP3 vaccine coverage, with the average decrease being -7.37%. This decline poses a significant challenge to achieving the WHO's target of 90% coverage for the third dose of DTP by 2030, as evidenced by the reduction in the number of countries meeting this target from 2019 to 2022. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted vaccine coverage in America, leading to a decrease, especially across Central America.

show abstract

Rapidly Establishing an Ultra-Cold Supply Chain of Vaccines in Israel: Evidence for the Efficacy of Inoculation to Mitigate the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Has COVID-19 Affected DTP3 Vaccination in the Americas?

Has COVID-19 Affected DTP3 Vaccination in the Americas?

Vertical Takeoff and Landing for Distribution of Parcels to Hospitals: A Case Study about Industry 5.0 Application in Israel’s Healthcare Arena

Has COVID-19 Affected DTP3 Vaccination in the Americas?

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