Rapidly expanding brain mass

Gene, Alexandra H; Gardner, Paul A.; Matovelle, M.E. Couce

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3062.2007.00254.x

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…Most cases are diagnosed postmortem and a limited number of cases have reported successful treatment using various combinations of antimicrobial agents. [3714] Mortality from central nervous system (CNS) amoebic infections remains extremely high and may exceed 90%. [5] Currently, there is no recommended standard therapeutic regimen for CNS infections with these amoebae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acanthamoeba encephalitis: A Case Report and Review of Therapy

Zamora¹,

Henderson²,

Swiatlo³

2014

Surg Neurol Int

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Background:Acanthamoeba is a rare cause of encephalitis yet is associated with high mortality. Treatment protocols vary greatly and generally include combination therapy across a wide spectrum of antiinfective classes.Case Description:A 63-year-old male who underwent renal transplantation presented 6 months after transplantation with depressed level of consciousness. Imaging of the head with computerized tomography showed an enhancing lesion suspicious for brain abscess. Biopsy of the lesion showed Acanthamoeba cysts. The patient was treated with sulfadiazine, fluconazole, flucytosine, azithromycin, and miltefosine but without success. We review recently published cases of Acanthamoeba encephalitis with an emphasis on treatment protocols and outcomes.Conclusion:Free-living protozoans such as Acanthamoeba are ubiquitous in the environment and should be suspected in immunosuppressed persons who present with central nervous system findings and brain abscess. Biopsy is critical to establish the etiology so that appropriate combination therapy can be deployed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acanthamoeba encephalitis: A Case Report and Review of Therapy

Zamora¹,

Henderson²,

Swiatlo³

2014

Surg Neurol Int

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Molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba isolated in water treatment plants and comparison with clinical isolates

et al. 2012

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A total of 116 samples (44 clinical specimens and 72 environmental samples) have been analyzed for the presence of Acanthamoeba. The environmental samples (ESs) were collected from four drinking water treatment plants (DWTP, n=32), seven wastewater treatment plants (n=28), and six locations of influence (n=12) on four river basins from the central area of Spain (winter-spring 2008). Water samples were concentrated by using the IDEXX Filta-Max(®) system. Acanthamoeba was identified in 65 of the 72 ESs by culture isolation (90.3%) and 63 by real-time PCR (87.5%), resulting in all sampling points (100%) positive for Acanthamoeba when considering both techniques and all the time period analyzed. Nine of the 44 clinical specimens were positive for Acanthamoeba. Seventeen Acanthamoeba strains (eight from four DWTP and nine from clinical samples) were also established in axenic-PYG medium. Twenty-four of the ESs and the 17 Acanthamoeba sp. strains were genotyped as T4/1, T4/8, and T4/9. The eight strains isolated from the DWTP samples were inoculated in nude mouse to ascertain their potential pathogenicity in this model. Animals that were inoculated died or showed central nervous system symptoms 9 days post-inoculation. Examination of immunofluorescence-stained brain and lung tissue sections showed multiple organisms invading both tissues, and re-isolation of throphozoites was successful in these tissues of all infected animals. For the first time, potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba T4 has been detected in 100% of different types of water samples including tap water and sewage effluents in the central area of Spain suggesting a potential health threat for humans especially for the contact lens wearers.

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Pathogenic and Opportunistic Free-living Amoebae

Visvesvara¹

2014

Manson's Tropical Infectious Diseases

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Rapidly expanding brain mass

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Acanthamoeba encephalitis: A Case Report and Review of Therapy

Acanthamoeba encephalitis: A Case Report and Review of Therapy

Molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba isolated in water treatment plants and comparison with clinical isolates

Pathogenic and Opportunistic Free-living Amoebae

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