Rapidly reprocessable, degradable epoxy vitrimer and recyclable carbon fiber reinforced thermoset composites relied on high contents of exchangeable aromatic disulfide crosslinks

Si, Hongwei; Zhou, Lin; Wu, Yeping; Song, Lixian; Kang, Ming; Zhao, Xiuli; Chen, Mao

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108278

Cited by 177 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…) in its header reports to what extent the material was recycled. We identified fifteen papers presenting the full recycling of thermoset FRPs; all the works make use of some form of chemical approach with two [81,82] also investigating forms of mechanical recycling. For the most part, the thermosets in use are epoxy resins, i.e., some form of cured diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA), which is one of the most common commercial resins for FRPs manufacturing [78][79][80][81]83,84].…”

Section: Entire Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix and Filler Recycling of Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

2021

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Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are low-density, high-performance composite materials, which find important applications in the automotive, aerospace, and energy industry, to only cite a few. With the increasing concerns about sustainability and environment risks, the problem of the recycling of such complex composite systems has been emerging in politics, industry, and academia. The issue is exacerbated by the increased use of FRPs in the automotive industry and by the expected decommissioning of airplanes and wind turbines amounting to thousands of metric tons of composite materials. Currently, the recycling of FRPs downcycles the entire composite to some form of reinforcement material (typically for cements) or degrades the polymer matrix to recover the fibers. Following the principles of sustainability, the reuse and recycling of the whole composite—fiber and polymer—should be promoted. In this review paper, we report on recent research works that achieve the recycling of both the fiber and matrix phase of FRP composites, with the polymer being either directly recovered or converted to value-added monomers and oligomers.

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Section: Entire Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix and Filler Recycling of Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

2021

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“…113 Poor mechanical properties, additional catalyst and time-consuming are still limitations to exceed for increasing their applications. 114 Reinforcing biodegradable polymers, which are able to decompose at environmental conditions, represent another possibility. These polymers can be achieved by synthesizing renewable resources from chemicals or exploiting the growth of natural organisms.…”

Section: Design For Frps Reclaimingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research strengths and future perspectives on fiber reclamation of reinforced polymers

Gagliardi

Conte

Ambrogio

2021

Journal of Composite Materials

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Polymers constitute the most employed reinforced matrices to achieve composite materials. Carbon and glass fibers are the reinforcements that are mainly utilized to improve specific properties for both thermoplastics and thermosets creating a new class of materials, which has been applied in several industrial fields. Various products made of fiber reinforced polymers are available on the market and at their own end-of-life, they must be reclaimed and remanufactured, properly, in an ideal recycling circular economy. The aim of this review is to point out the progress on fiber reclaiming from these materials, providing an overview on the most employed strategies and highlighting their main technological limits. Specifically, first, mechanical, thermal and chemical reclaiming processes have been contextualized introducing their peculiarities. Subsequently, the attention has been focalized on the new research trends proposed in the last years showing the direction, where the research is moving to. The processes have been also classified in terms of tensile strength of the reclaimed fibers and in terms of the energy required to be performed. Finally, design for reclaiming and remanufacturing treatments have been also considered pointing out the different approaches that can be pursued as valuable solutions to strengthen the recycling capabilities encouraging as much as possible the recovering of the polymeric matrix composites.

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“…Additionally, this vitrimer demonstrated some new properties such as reprocessability, self‐healing, degradability, fast relaxation time, and low activation energy. Zhao et al 74 further expanded the self‐healing capacity of the resin matrix by increasing the disulfide bond content in the network and using a disulfide curing agent, demonstrating the potential of this chemical approach in structural composite applications. Recently, Wei et al 72 synthesized a new disulfide‐containing epoxy resin and demonstrated its excellent weldability and reprocessability.…”

Section: Self‐healing Of Energy Supplementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the self‐healing ability of epoxy polymers

Zhang

Muhammad

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This review encompasses the research progress on self‐healing properties of epoxy polymers and is divided into two categories: material supplement and energy supplement. The central concept of material supplement revolves around the addition of functional composite materials, such as, hollow fiber and microcapsule, to repair the micro‐cracks of epoxy polymers. In contrast, the energy supplement is based on the concurrent incorporation of some functional groups into the thermosetting epoxy polymers. These functional chemical groups participate in the construction of a three‐dimensional network structure of thermosetting materials and successfully enter the block copolymer of epoxy polymers. When the micro‐cracks are developed in the resin upon exterior impact, these functional groups automatically absorb energy from the outside to perform chemical reactions and automatically repair their micro‐cracks following the self‐healing phenomenon. Five kinds of reversible reactions are introduced for energy supply and are discussed in detail. Finally, a summary and comparison of the self‐healing methods covered in this review and the application prospect of self‐healing epoxy polymers are summarized.

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Rapidly reprocessable, degradable epoxy vitrimer and recyclable carbon fiber reinforced thermoset composites relied on high contents of exchangeable aromatic disulfide crosslinks

Cited by 177 publications

References 54 publications

Matrix and Filler Recycling of Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

Matrix and Filler Recycling of Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

Research strengths and future perspectives on fiber reclamation of reinforced polymers

A review on the self‐healing ability of epoxy polymers

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