Rare Causes and the Spectrum of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Dalphin, Jean‐Charles; Gondouin, Anne

doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2401-6_29

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Patients aged > 18 years with FL were prospectively recruited through the SOPHIA study between 2007 and 2015 [ 12 ]. All patients met the criteria for active FL [ 2 ], namely: 1) chronic exposure to organic dusts (dairy farming); 2) compatible clinical manifestations; 3) BAL lymphocytosis (> 30% for non- and ex- smokers and >20% for current smokers or < 20% with variegated white blood cell count if BAL was performed within 48 hours following the exposure [ 13 , 14 ]); and 4) bilateral ground glass and/or mosaic and/or expiratory air trapping and/or poorly defined centrilobular nodular opacities. When the association of high resolution computed tomodensitometry (HRCT) and BAL did not allow the investigators to reach a final diagnosis of HP with confidence or when patients where considered to have residual HP (form in which symptoms related to exposure to an offending antigen and BAL lymphocytosis have disappeared), the patient was not included.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emphysema in active farmer’s lung disease

et al. 2017

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BackgroundFarmer’s lung (FL) is a common type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. It is often considered that fibrosis is the most frequent finding in chronic FL. Nevertheless, three cohort studies have suggested that some patients with chronic FL may develop emphysema. We aimed to evaluate the current prevalence of emphysema in active FL, to describe the radiological and functional features of emphysema in active FL, and to identify risk factors associated with emphysema in this population.MethodsPatients aged over 18 years with active FL were prospectively recruited through the SOPHIA study (CPP Est; P-2009-521), between 2007 and 2015. Each patient had complete medical history screening, clinical examination, high resolution computed tomodensitometry, bronchoalveolar lavage, pulmonary function tests and serum precipitins.ResultsAmong 33 patients with active FL, the prevalence of emphysema in this series of incident active FL cases was higher (48.5%) than that of fibrosis (12%) and was not dependent on smoking habits. Most patients with emphysema did not have lung hyperinflation. The possible risk factors for emphysema in active FL were a longer duration of exposure to organic dusts, and at a higher level.ConclusionEmphysema is found in half of patients with active FL and may be influenced by exposure patterns.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emphysema in active farmer’s lung disease

et al. 2017

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“…Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an immunologic lung disorder affecting pre-sensitized subjects. The chronic or repeated inhalation of allergens induces a hypersensitivity reaction with granulomatous inflammation in the distal bronchioles and alveoli [ 81 ]. Inhalation of the inciting antigen(s) may occur in the workplace, and up to 5–15% of the workers may develop HP [ 82 ].…”

Section: Allergic Fungal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Manifestations of Human Exposure to Fungi

Oliveira

Lisboa

et al. 2023

JoF

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Biological particles, along with inorganic gaseous and particulate pollutants, constitute an ever-present component of the atmosphere and surfaces. Among these particles are fungal species colonizing almost all ecosystems, including the human body. Although inoffensive to most people, fungi can be responsible for several health problems, such as allergic fungal diseases and fungal infections. Worldwide fungal disease incidence is increasing, with new emerging fungal diseases appearing yearly. Reasons for this increase are the expansion of life expectancy, the number of immunocompromised patients (immunosuppressive treatments for transplantation, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiency diseases), the number of uncontrolled underlying conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus), and the misusage of medication (e.g., corticosteroids and broad-spectrum antibiotics). Managing fungal diseases is challenging; only four classes of antifungal drugs are available, resistance to these drugs is increasing, and no vaccines have been approved. The present work reviews the implications of fungal particles in human health from allergic diseases (i.e., allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, severe asthma with fungal sensitization, thunderstorm asthma, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, and occupational lung diseases) to infections (i.e., superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic infections). Topics such as the etiological agent, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment will be revised to improve the knowledge of this growing health concern.

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“…Another condition highly connected with the small airways is cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), of unknown etiology, while organizing pneumonia (OP) has a known etiology [60,61]. It obstructs or erases the small airways, leading to small airway obstruction, as indicated by spirometry and histopathology [62].…”

Section: The Small Airway Disease In Other Fibrotic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Small Airway Disease in Pulmonary Fibrotic Diseases

Barkas,

Daniil,

Kotsiou

2023

JPM

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Small airway disease (SAD) is a pathological condition that affects the bronchioles and non-cartilaginous airways 2 mm or less in diameter. These airways play a crucial role in respiratory function and are often implicated in various pulmonary disorders. Pulmonary fibrotic diseases are characterized by the thickening and scarring of lung tissue, leading to progressive respiratory failure. We aimed to present the link between SAD and fibrotic lung conditions. The evidence suggests that SAD may act as a precursor or exacerbating factor in the progression of fibrotic diseases. Patients with fibrotic conditions often exhibit signs of small airway dysfunction, which can contribute to worsening respiratory symptoms and decreased lung function. Moreover, individuals with advanced SAD are at a heightened risk of developing fibrotic changes in the lung. The interplay between inflammation, environmental factors, and genetic predisposition further complicates this association. The early detection and management of SAD can potentially mitigate the progression of fibrotic diseases, highlighting the need for comprehensive clinical evaluation and research. This review emphasizes the need to understand the evolving connection between SAD and pulmonary fibrosis, urging further detailed research to clarify the causes and potential treatment between the two entities.

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Rare Causes and the Spectrum of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Cited by 8 publications

References 78 publications

Emphysema in active farmer’s lung disease

Emphysema in active farmer’s lung disease

Clinical Manifestations of Human Exposure to Fungi

The Role of Small Airway Disease in Pulmonary Fibrotic Diseases

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