Rare Causes of Hypercalcemia

Saponaro, Federica

doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2021.07.004

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Ca 2+ , which is a critical secondary messenger and indicator of homeostasis, is delicately maintained between 2.1 and 2.6 mM in blood. 34 Excessive Ca 2+ results in acid−base balance disorders, renal failure, myeloma, cirrhosis, etc. Patients with low blood Ca 2+ have uncoordinated gaits, generalized weakness, and headaches and are more prone to rickets, seizures, hand cramps, and cardiac arrhythmia in more severe cases.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microneedle-Coupled Epidermal Sensors for In-Situ-Multiplexed Ion Detection in Interstitial Fluids

Zhu

Tan

Zheng

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Maintaining the concentrations of various ions in body fluids is critical to all living organisms. In this contribution, we designed a flexible microneedle patch coupled electrode array (MNP-EA) for the in situ multiplexed detection of ion species (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and H+) in tissue interstitial fluid (ISF). The microneedles (MNs) are mechanically robust for skin or cuticle penetration (0.21 N/needle) and highly swellable to quickly extract sufficient ISF onto the ion-selective electrochemical electrodes (∼6.87 μL/needle in 5 min). The potentiometric sensor can simultaneously detect these ion species with nearly Nernstian response in the ranges wider enough for diagnosis purposes (Na+: 0.75–200 mM, K+: 1–128 mM, Ca2+: 0.25–4.25 mM, pH: 5.5–8.5). The in vivo experiments on mice, humans, and plants demonstrate the feasibility of MNP-EA for timely and convenient diagnosis of ion imbalances with minimal invasiveness. This transdermal sensing platform shall be instrumental to home-based diagnosis and health monitoring of chronic diseases and is also promising for smart agriculture and the study of plant biology.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hyperkalemia, commonly caused by renal failure, leads to weakness and cardiac arrhythmias. Ca 2+ , which is a critical secondary messenger and indicator of homeostasis, is delicately maintained between 2.1 and 2.6 mM in blood . Excessive Ca 2+ results in acid–base balance disorders, renal failure, myeloma, cirrhosis, etc.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microneedle-Coupled Epidermal Sensors for In-Situ-Multiplexed Ion Detection in Interstitial Fluids

Zhu

Tan

Zheng

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Among primary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid adenoma accounts for most cases [3]. Other causes of hypercalcemia include lung diseases such as sarcoidosis and tuberculosis, kidney failure, thyrotoxicosis, Paget's disease of the bone, immobilization for a prolonged time, and medications like lithium, thiazides, vitamin D, and calcium supplements [4]. Symptoms of hypercalcemia are evident once the serum levels exceed 12 mg/dL which clinically manifests as 'bones, stones, abdominal moans and physical groans' [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Patients With Hypercalcemia in an Indian Tertiary Care Center

Sukhija,

Midha,

Mittal

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Hypercalcemia is a complex medical condition characterized by elevated levels of serum calcium (>10.5 mg/dL) in the bloodstream, often arising from various underlying etiologies. This condition presents a significant clinical challenge due to its diverse clinical manifestations and potential for serious complications. Profiling and understanding hypercalcemia is essential for accurate diagnosis, appropriate management, and improved patient outcomes.In this study, we delve into the comprehensive profiling of hypercalcemia, encompassing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic approaches. We explore the multifaceted etiological factors contributing to hypercalcemia, including primary hyperparathyroidism, malignancies, granulomatous disorders, medications, and more. We highlight the intricate interplay between parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and other regulatory mechanisms that influence calcium homeostasis, shedding light on the underlying molecular pathways. Furthermore, we discuss the diverse clinical manifestations of hypercalcemia, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe, life-threatening complications involving the renal, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and neuromuscular systems. Accurate diagnosis is pivotal, and we evaluate the array of laboratory tests, imaging modalities, and specialized assays that aid in identifying the root cause of hypercalcemia. We emphasize the importance of a systematic approach to differential diagnosis and the significance of risk stratification to guide clinical decision-making.The evolving landscape of treatment options for hypercalcemia is also explored, encompassing both acute management and long-term strategies tailored to the underlying etiology. We assess the role of hydration, pharmacological agents, and surgical interventions, underscoring the need for individualized therapeutic plans based on the severity and underlying cause of hypercalcemia.In conclusion, the profiling of hypercalcemia is a multidimensional endeavor that necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its underlying mechanisms, diverse clinical presentations, and diagnostic intricacies. This study intends to serve as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals, offering insights into the complex terrain of hypercalcemia.

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“…Dear Editor, We described a chronic tophaceous gout patient who progressed to hypercalcemia and renal insufficiency following long-term immobilization because of pain and limitation of motion on polyarticular tophi. Hypercalcemia is normally related to common endocrine diseases such as hyperparathyroidism, neoplasm, thiazide diuretics, adrenal insufficiency, and overdose of vitamins A and D [1]. Immobilization has been recognized as a rare cause [2].…”

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confidence: 99%