Rare earth distributions in clay minerals and in the clay-sized fraction of the Lower Permian Havensville and Eskridge shales of Kansas and Oklahoma

Cullers, Robert L.; Chaudhuri, S.; Arnold, Bill Walter; Lee, Moon; Wolf, Carlton W

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(75)90090-3

Cited by 156 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Tourmaline and epidote are minerals which are able to fractionate Eu (Alderton et al, 1980 andNystrom, 1984, respectively), and which can be present in veinsalthough not detected so far in our samples. Another candidate is cookeite (Li-chlorite) and/or other phyllosilicates; positive Eu anomalies have previously been described in chlorite (Cullers et al, 1975) and biotite (Roaldset, 1975). Cookeite is present both in veins and in wallrock -although generally in lower amounts in the latter -so that an Eu anomaly should also be observed in the wallrock samples.…”

Section: Rare-earth Element Systematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of synmetamorphic veins and their wallrocks through a Western Alps transect: no evidence for large-scale fluid flow. Stable isotope, major- and trace-element systematics

1996

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Quartz-rich synfolial veins and wallrocks from different areas of a Western Alps cross-section are examined in an attempt to constrain the scale and mechanisms of fluid flow through metamorphic terrains. Different portions of this cross-section underwent distinct P-T evolutions as reflected by the mineralogy of veins: (a) in the greenschist external Dauphinois domain, veins are characterized by quartz and calcite, together with an aluminosilicate (pyrophyllite), Na-K-bearing phyllosilicates and a FeMg-bearing silicate (chlorite) ; (b) in narrow domains of the Brianconnais and Piemontais zones, with a non-eclogitic HP-LT evolution followed by rapid cooling, veins are characterized by quartz, calcite, Ca-and Fe-Mg-bearing silicates (lawsonite and Fe-Mg-carpholite, respectively) ; and (c) in the major part of the Brianconnais andpiemontais zones, where low-grade blueschistfacies metamorphism is followed by a greenschist-facies evolution, veins are characterized by the replacement of earlier lawsonite and carpholite by Na-and K-bearing micas. In order to constrain the provenance of fluids involved in vein formation, we determined stable isotope (C, 0, H), and major-and trace-element compositions in minerals and whole rocks for a large set of veins and wallrocks. These rocks are compared with some non-metamorphic shales from the northern Paris Basin, considered as protoliths of the Alpine schists. Stable isotope compositions of calcites are regionally distinct: 6r80 = + 28%0 (SMOW) in the northern Paris Basin, + 26%0 in the Brianconnais zone, + 22%0 in the Piemontais zone and + 18%0 in the Dauphinois zone. Within each studied region, calcite G'*O-values are quite homogeneous regardless of rock type (vein or wallrock). This feature is explained as an isotopic "homogenization" with the most abundant lithology in each zone ("rock-buffered system") -where the overall ratio of calcite (of marine origin) to detrital silicate minerals determines the final isotopic composition of the whole rock (w.r.) after equilibration during Alpine metamorphism. G'*O/GD-values of analysed hydrated minerals and whole rocks ( Si80 = + 15 to -t-25%0 and 6D = -60%0 SMOW)' lie within the field of Alpine cover rocks and of fluids in equilibrium with these rocks: interaction with an external '*O-or D-depleted fluid, such as hydrothermal waters, meteoric water or "basement fluid", can be ruled out. Major-and trace-element systematics indicate an enrichment in Si, Ca, P, Sr, Y, Ta and locally Eu in the veins with respect to the wallrock, related to massive crystallization of quartz and carbonates, together with phosphate and oxide. Potential fluid sources, chemical composition of the fluid phase and the mechanisms of fluid flow during vein formation are discussed. Fluid flow takes place within tectonic units, at both hectometric and decimetric scale. Fluid may also have migrated along and across the major tectonic contacts but this process is poorly documented.

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Section: Rare-earth Element Systematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of synmetamorphic veins and their wallrocks through a Western Alps transect: no evidence for large-scale fluid flow. Stable isotope, major- and trace-element systematics

1996

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“…As regards REE distribution in the stratigraphic sequences studied (Table 3), the REE patterns in the samples are controlled, in our opinion, by the grain size, the whole mineralogy and the presence of heavy minerals. All of the REE should be related to the clay fraction, although there is no direct correlation with clay mineralogy, since trivalent REE may be accommodated in most clay minerals according to Cullers et al (1975). Regarding the mineralogy of our samples, the quartz and calcite contain very low proportions of REE resulting in a dilution effect, and a negative correlation is observed between the calcite content and the REE content.…”

Section: Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…We have determined the size of this Eu anomaly by comparing its absolute value with the absolute value of a precisely determined element (Sm). These anomalies could have originated in the source area of the sediments, in which case at least one of the following situations must have applied, as pointed out by Cullers et al (1975): (a) the rocks of the source area could have had Eu anomalies; (b) the chemical weathering processes may have removed the Eu in preference to other REE, which would have given rise to some sediments depleted in Eu compared to other REE; (c) some samples could contain detrital minerals with a high REE content and negative Eu anomalies. In the cases studied here, we consider that the anomaly initially existing in the source area rocks was modified during the sedimentary process, in which sediments with heterogeneous Eu anomaly size were admixed.…”

Section: Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Data on Clay Mineral Assemblages and Geochemical Characteristics of Toarcian Sedimentation in the umbriamarche basin (central italy)

Ortega-Huertas

Monaco²,

Palomo³

1993

Clay miner.

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A moderate to high rate of clay sedimentation is characteristic of the Toarcian sequences in the Umbria-Marche basin. The clay mineral assemblages and geochemical characteristics indicate that the Marne di Monte Serrone Formation and the Rosso Ammonitico UmbroMarchigiano Unit were deposited in a shallow marine environment. In this general palaeogeographic scheme, a reducing subenvironment must have exsisted in which black shale-type facies were deposited resulting in geochemical anomalies in As, Sb, Zn, Co, Cu, Pb, V, Cr, and Ba, among other elements. The high values of both the detrital index and the Ce/Ce* ratio reveal the influence of proximal emerged reliefs. It is suggested that the palaeosoils that developed on the Liassic carbonate Laziale-Abuzzese platform were the source area of these sediments, following a palaeogeographic scheme analogous to that proposed for the Betic Cordilleras (Spain) during the Middle Domerian to Middle Toarcian. The positive and negative Eu anomalies are due to the decisive influence of the weathering process in which sediments with heterogeneous Eu anomaly size were mixed. The final distribution pattern of REE is the result of the different environments to which the clay minerals were subjected and the differences in intensity of weathering.The Toarcian sequences of the Umbria-Marche basin are characterized by a moderate to high rate of clay sedimentation. According to the variability of local subsidence and bottom morphology, "condensed", "intermediate" or "extended" clayey sequences were formed . The "condensed" sequences were deposited in areas of elevated structural zones where the formations are absent or very thin. "Intermediate" sequences, which are defined as normal because they are very common, were located on slightly tilted fault blocks, forming wide, relatively stable structural surfaces, and on the slightly sloping sea-bottom. The extended sequences, which present the greatest thickness and probably the deepest facies, are scarcer than the intermediate ones; they indicate areas with rapid subsidence and represent structural, but not morphological depressions. During the Toarcian, abundant clay materials entered the basin and were deposited in this type of depression.Some of these argillaceous sequences contain abundant detrital beds 0.5-100 cm thick. In some cases these detrital intervals are represented by calcareous turbidites showing the classic Bouma BC sequence. In other cases, sharp-based hummocky cross-stratified (HCS) calcarenites are interbedded or overlie turbiditic materials (Monaco, 1992). Locally, slumps and pebbly mudstones are present. The depositional environment of HCS beds usually seems not to exceed the major storm wave base depth, unlike turbiditic deposits. Vertical 9 1993 The Mineralogical Society

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“…Bock et al (2004) also found that anomalous REE patterns and old Nd TDM model ages of several formations of the northern Appalachians are indicative of open system behavior. Our samples show neither anomalous REE behavior nor unrealistically old Nd TDM model ages; hence, we assume that the REE, Th, Sc, Co, and Cr concentrations permit determination of provenance characteristics as shown in numerous other studies (Bhatia and Crook 1986;Cox et al 1995;Cullers 1994, Cullers et al 1975, 1979Wronkiewicz and Condie 1990). Fig.…”

Section: Bulk-rock Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Acadian orogeny, New England Appalachians: a provenance study of the Carrabassett and Kittery formations, Maine

Dorais

Wintsch

Nelson

et al. 2009

atgeol

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Rare earth distributions in clay minerals and in the clay-sized fraction of the Lower Permian Havensville and Eskridge shales of Kansas and Oklahoma

Cited by 156 publications

References 18 publications

Evolution of synmetamorphic veins and their wallrocks through a Western Alps transect: no evidence for large-scale fluid flow. Stable isotope, major- and trace-element systematics

Evolution of synmetamorphic veins and their wallrocks through a Western Alps transect: no evidence for large-scale fluid flow. Stable isotope, major- and trace-element systematics

First Data on Clay Mineral Assemblages and Geochemical Characteristics of Toarcian Sedimentation in the umbriamarche basin (central italy)

Insights into the Acadian orogeny, New England Appalachians: a provenance study of the Carrabassett and Kittery formations, Maine

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