Rare-earth-doped materials for applications in quantum information storage and signal processing

Thiel, Charles W.; Böttger, Thomas; Cone, R. L.

doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2010.12.015

Cited by 371 publications

(303 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…The values at these higher temperature are still well within the acceptable limits for device applications. 32,33 To further explore the nature of the 3 H 6 (1)→ 3 H 4 (1) transition and to determine how much of the absorption line was useful for SSH or quantum information applications, a photon echo excitation experiment was carried out at 1.6 K across the entire spectral region of the transition from 12566 to 12608 cm −1 . The excitation pulse delays were fixed at 1 µs, and the echo intensity was monitored while the laser frequency was changed.…”

Section: Optical Decoherence: Two-pulse Photon Echoes and Temperamentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical decoherence and energy level structure of 0.1%Tm3+:LiNbO3

2012

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We report the energy level structure of the 3 H6 and 3 H4 multiplets for Tm 3+ doped congruent LiNbO3, as well as the decoherence properties and their temperature dependencies for the 3 H6(1) ↔ 3 H4(1a) transition at 794 nm. It is shown that this material provides very significant improvements in bandwidth, time-bandwidth product, and sensitivity for spatial-spectral holographic signal processing devices and quantum memories based on spectral hole burning. The available signal processing bandwidth for 0.1% Tm 3+ :LiNbO3 is 300 GHz versus 20 GHz for Tm 3+ YAG. The peak absorption coefficient for 0.1% Tm 3+ :LiNbO3 is 15 cm −1 at 794.5 nm compared with 1.7 cm −1 for 0.1% Tm:YAG at 793 nm, and the total absorption strength is eighty times stronger. The oscillator strength for Tm 3+ :LiNbO3 is about twenty five times larger than that for Tm 3+ :YAG, making the material five times more sensitive for processing high-bandwidth analog signals. The homogeneous linewidth, which determines processing time or spectrum analyzer resolution, is 30 kHz at 1.6 K and 350 kHz at 6 K, as measured by photon echoes. Those values establish potential time-bandwidth products of 10 7 and 7 ×10 5 respectively. The temperature dependence of the homogeneous linewidth was explained by observation of a 7.8 cm −1 crystal field level in the ground multiplet and direct phonon coupling. The excited state 3 H4 lifetime T1 is 152 µs and the bottleneck lifetime of the lowest 3 F4 level is 7 ms from photon echo measurements. These factors combine to provide a surprisingly large increase in key parameters that determine material performance for spatial-spectral holography, quantum information, and other spectral hole burning applications.

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Section: Optical Decoherence: Two-pulse Photon Echoes and Temperamentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical decoherence and energy level structure of 0.1%Tm3+:LiNbO3

2012

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“…A passive laser line narrowing technique based on spectral hole burning (SHB) was demonstrated recently. Selective filtering of weak spectral components outside the laser centre frequency by transmitting the laser beam through a highly absorbing SHB material resulted in phase noise suppression by several tens of dB outside the central laser frequency [31]. Using the cavity line narrowing techniques presented in this paper, transmission windows narrower than the sub kHz homogeneous lines of the material can be obtained.…”

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confidence: 95%

Spectral Engineering of Slow Light, Cavity Line Narrowing, and Pulse Compression

Sabooni

Rippe

et al. 2013

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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More than four orders of magnitude cavity-linewidth narrowing in a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal cavity, emanating from strong intra-cavity dispersion caused by off-resonant interaction with dopant ions is demonstrated. The dispersion profiles are engineered using optical pumping techniques creating significant semi-permanent but reprogrammable changes of the rare earth absorption profiles. Several cavity modes are shown within the spectral transmission window. Several possible applications of this phenomenon are discussed.PACS numbers: 42.50. Ct, 42.50.Pq, 42.79.Gn, 78.47.nd Cavity linewidth narrowing has been suggested to have great potential in many different areas such as laser stabilization [1, 2], high-resolution spectroscopy [2], enhanced light matter interaction and compressed optical energy [3]. We show more than four orders of magnitude cavity linewidth narrowing, which, to the best of our knowledge, is more than two orders of magnitude larger than demonstrated with other techniques. Previously 10 to 20 times linewidth narrowing has been shown using either EIT [4][5][6], and recently two orders of magnitude was shown using coherent population oscillation (CPO) in combination with a cavity dispersive effect [7]. We also demonstrate several cavity modes within the slow light transmission window, something which we are not aware of having been demonstrated using EIT or CPO. The present results are obtained using spectral hole-burning in rare-earth-ion doped crystals [8-10] and we discuss the properties and potential of slow light structures created with this method in these materials.In this paper, a cavity formed by depositing mirrors directly onto a praseodymium doped Y 2 SiO 5 crystal and (near) persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) is employed to create a very strong dispersion. A sharp dispersion slope reduces the photon group velocity, and therefore increases the effective photon lifetime in the cavity compared to a non-dispersive cavity (some times referred to as cold cavity [11]).Generally the mode spacing in a Fabry-Pérot cavity, ∆ν, is given by [11] 2L (1) where c is the speed of light in vacuum, ν is the light frequency, n is the real part of the index of refraction (for the phase velocity), v g (ν) is the group velocity and n g (ν) is the index of refraction for the group velocity. For the present work it is useful to briefly analyse the mode spacing relation. The resonance condition for a Fabry-Pérot cavity of length L may be expressed as m(λ/2) = L, where m is an integer and the wavelength λ = c/(nν). ThusDifferentiating Eq. 2 givesDividing the left (right) hand side of Eq. 3 with the left (right) hand side of Eq. 2 yieldswhere n = n(ν) is a function of frequency. Normally when the frequency is changed δν/ν δn/n, but in the case of significant slow light effects n ν(dn/dν) and the second term on the right hand side in Eq. 4 is much larger than the first. Thus the cavity mode spacing is basically completely determined by the dispersion while the impact of the relative change in the freque...

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“…The photon is emitted due to a quantum interference effect between each absorption line of the comb. Ensembles of rare-earth-ions are particularly suited for atomic frequency comb quantum memories due to the long coherence times of both the optical (100s of microseconds [62,63]) and spin (up to milliseconds [62,63] or even seconds [64]) transitions in conjunction with level structures that allow for efficient atomic frequency combs over ∼MHz bandwidths [11,62,63].…”

Section: State-of-the-art Quantum Memoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory-assisted quantum key distribution resilient against multiple-excitation effects

Piparo

Sinclair

Razavi

2017

Quantum Sci. Technol.

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Memory-assisted measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MA-MDI-QKD) has recently been proposed as a technique to improve the rate-versus-distance behavior of QKD systems by using existing, or nearly-achievable, quantum technologies. The promise is that MA-MDI-QKD would require less demanding quantum memories than the ones needed for probabilistic quantum repeaters. Nevertheless, early investigations suggest that, in order to beat the conventional memoryless QKD schemes, the quantum memories used in the MA-MDI-QKD protocols must have high bandwidth-storage products and short interaction times. Among different types of quantum memories, ensemble-based memories offer some of the required specifications, but they typically suffer from multiple excitation effects. To avoid the latter issue, in this paper, we propose two new variants of MA-MDI-QKD both relying on single-photon sources for entangling purposes. One is based on known techniques for entanglement distribution in quantum repeaters. This scheme turns out to offer no advantage even if one uses ideal single-photon sources. By finding the root cause of the problem, we then propose another setup, which can outperform single memory-less setups even if we allow for some imperfections in our single-photon sources. For such a scheme, we compare the key rate for different types of ensemble-based memories and show that certain classes of atomic ensembles can improve the rate-versus-distance behavior.

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Rare-earth-doped materials for applications in quantum information storage and signal processing

Cited by 371 publications

References 105 publications

Optical decoherence and energy level structure of 0.1%Tm3+:LiNbO3

Optical decoherence and energy level structure of 0.1%Tm3+:LiNbO3

Spectral Engineering of Slow Light, Cavity Line Narrowing, and Pulse Compression

Memory-assisted quantum key distribution resilient against multiple-excitation effects

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