Rare earth element cerium substituted Ca–Si–Mg system bioceramics: From mechanism to mechanical and degradation properties

A comparison of syntheses approaches towards functional polycrystalline silicate ceramics

“…Several existing studies have applied precipitation methods for the fabrication of ceramics for biomedical, phosphor, dielectric or magnetic applications [67][68][69][70]. Based on the observations found in this study, as well as those which have been reported from other forays into precipitation of functional silicates [16,38,47,48,71] certain phases form very readily by precipitation, such as diopside, enstatite and willemite. However, as seen here and as reported elsewhere, other phases are not amenable for single phase formation through co-precipitation pathways, and large amounts of secondary phases are present.…”

“…The formation of diopside (CaMgSi 2 O 6 ) can be observed as the main phase in CP samples of Ca 2 MgSi 2 O 7 and Ca 2 Mg 0.9 Zn 0.1 Si 2 O 7 , indicating either a deficiency in Ca or its presence in X-ray amorphous form. The formation of diopside is known to occur very readily in co-precipitation derived materials as well as in crystallisation from glasses [30,47,48], suggesting that the favourable formation kinetics of this phase needs to be considered in the design of calcic sorosilicates. As indicated here, in the synthesis of sorosilicate ceramics the use steric entrapment based.…”

Bioceramics in the CaMgSi2O6–Li2O System: A Glass‐Ceramic Strategy for Excellent Mechanical Strength and Enhanced Bioactivity by Spontaneous Elemental Redistribution

“…Samples Preparation: Diopside and mixed phase CaMgSi 2 O 6 -Li 2 O bioceramics were synthesized by a precipitation method based on a procedure described in detail elsewhere. [48,49,85] For pure diopside, 0.01 mol of calcium chloride (CaCl 2 , 95%, Fisher Scientific, UK), 0.01 mol of magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 2 •6H 2 O, 95%, EMSURE, Germany), and 0.02 mol of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 98%, Seedchem, Australia) as reactants were dissolved in 200 mL of ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH, 95%) to produce 0.01 mol of CaMgSi 2 O 6 stoichiometry solution. The solution was magnetically stirred at 80 °C for 2 h. Then ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH, 28%, Nihon shiyaku reagent, Japan) www.advmatinterfaces.de was added into the solution to produce white precipitates.…”

“…Element content Annealing treatment Effects Reference Sr/F 2 mol%/1 mol% 1200 °C/5 h • All the doped scaffolds presented higher apatite-forming ability • Osteoblast-like MG-63 cells exhibited the highest compatibility to the Sr-doped scaffolds • Osteoblast-like MG-63 cells exhibited the lowest compatibility to the codoped scaffolds [45] Sr 2 mol% 1200 °C/3 h • Sr-doping improved the sinterability and apatite-forming ability of the diopside-based scaffolds • Sr-doping retarded the biodegradation of diopside-based scaffolds • Mesenchymal stem cells presented better adhesion and spreading with typical cell extensions on the Sr-doped diopside-based scaffolds [46] Li Na K 2 mol% 900 °C/2 h • The crystallinity and lattice volume of diopside were changed with the most and least deviations for K and Na, respectively • The dopants altered the in vitro bioactivity of diopside in the following ranking: K-doped > Lidoped > Na-doped > undoped • The 2 mol% dopants improved the biocompatibility of diopside, where the most beneficial effect was found for Na and K • K-doping was the optimal doping for the bioactivity and cytocompatibility assessments [47] Ce 0-100 mol% 1000 °C/4 h • Addition of 25 mol% Ce had the best biomineralization performance in vitro • Less hydroxyapatite precipitates were found with further increasing Ce addition [48] Mo 0-100 mol% 1000 °C/4 h • At a lower Mo content, the mixed phase materials showed higher hardness and slower biodegradation • At a higher Mo content, mixed phase materials exhibited lower hardness and bioactivity [49] The incorporation of nanoporous lithium doping magnesium silicate into calcium sulfate hemihydrate was found to enhance the degradability, biocompatibility, vascularization, and osteogenesis. [59] As summarized above, the incorporation of Li into calcium phosphate-based bioceramics was expected as a viable way to enhance the mechanical and biological properties of bioceramics.…”

Silicon-containing nanomedicine and biomaterials: materials chemistry, multi-dimensional design, and biomedical application

“…Notably, the observed synergistic effects of Sr and silicon ions were attributed to the specific activity of Sr ions to enhance angiogenesis and suppress osteoclastogenesis, complemented by the dominant effects of silicon ions in stimulating osteogenesis. Building on the remarkable performance of composite BGs and ceramics, the integration of diverse bioactive ions, such as copper (Cu), 575,576 zinc (Zn), 577 magnesium (Mg), 578 manganese (Mn), 579 and rare-earth ions, 580,581 in silicon-containing biomaterials has emerged as a promising approach for advanced tissue engineering applications. 582–584 This ion-doping strategy presents several advantages, including simplicity, cost-effectiveness, efficacy at low concentrations, and stability during scaffold processing.…”