Rare earth nanofluorides: synthesis using ionic liquids

Abstract

This review presents a comprehensive summary of the research progress on the synthesis of rare earth fluoride nanomaterials using the most common methods of synthesis. Special focus is on syntheses utilising ionic liquids, which is a new and promising way of preparing nanomaterials without the use of dangerous organic solvents (toxic, flammable, or combustive). Rare earth fluoride nanoparticles can be obtained with a high yield, purity, and crystallinity, and with different morphologies and luminescent properties depending on the selected method of synthesis.

Facile Synthesis of Anhydrous Rare‐Earth Trichlorides from their Oxides in Chloridoaluminate Ionic Liquids

“…Only a few investigations are devoted to the direct dissolution of RE 2 O 3 in (mostly anhydrous) task‐specific ILs, such as [Hbet][NTf 2 ] (betaine bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) [18] or [BMIm][OAc] (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate) [19] . There are several reports on synthesizing rare‐earth fluorides in ILs by treating the oxides or the hydroxides with fluorinating agents, such as HF, NH 4 F, or NH 4 HF 2 [20–22] . Since the more electronegative fluorine atom can replace an oxygen atom at the RE 3+ cation, the presence of water is less problematic.…”

“…[19] There are several reports on synthesizing rare-earth fluorides in ILs by treating the oxides or the hydroxides with fluorinating agents, such as HF, NH 4 F, or NH 4 HF 2 . [20][21][22] Since the more electronegative fluorine atom can replace an oxygen atom at the RE 3 + cation, the presence of water is less problematic. On the other hand, imidazolium chloridoaluminate ILs, such as [BMIm]Cl • nAlCl 3 , have proved to be a versatile medium for the synthesis of various complex metal halides.…”

Facile Synthesis of Anhydrous Rare‐Earth Trichlorides from their Oxides in Chloridoaluminate Ionic Liquids

“…Only a few investigations are devoted to the direct dissolution of RE 2 O 3 in (mostly anhydrous) task‐specific ILs, such as [Hbet][NTf 2 ] (betaine bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) [18] or [BMIm][OAc] (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate) [19] . There are several reports on synthesizing rare‐earth fluorides in ILs by treating the oxides or the hydroxides with fluorinating agents, such as HF, NH 4 F, or NH 4 HF 2 [20–22] . Since the more electronegative fluorine atom can replace an oxygen atom at the RE 3+ cation, the presence of water is less problematic.…”

Properties of cerium (III) fluoride nanopowder obtained by pulsed electron beam evaporation

“…Fluorides are widely used as photonics materials, as optical materials that are transparent in the UV-IR range, luminophores; solid-state lasers, scintillators, antireflection coatings, in metallurgy, in separation of uranium isotopes and in many other fields of science and technology [5]. Nanofluorides are a continuously developing field of knowledge [6][7][8].…”