Rare incidence of a diffuse brain metastatic carcinoma: A case report

Abstract

Brain metastases generally present in the parenchyma of the brain. In the current report, a very rare case of brain metastasis, which simultaneously invaded the subgaleal region, the skull, and the dural and cavernous sinuses is presented. The patient, a 54-year-old female, complained of a progressive headache and exhibited the symptoms of intracranial hypertension. Coronal contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed high intensity signals in the subgaleal tissue of the left frontoparietal area, as well as in the dural and the cavernous sinuses. The patient was initially diagnosed with an intracranial infection, however, the administered treatment was ineffective. The patient subsequently underwent a biopsy and the pathological diagnosis was determined as a metastatic adenocarcinoma; a primary tumor was not identified during the examinations. Surgical removal of certain metastases and a decompressive craniectomy were performed to relieve the intracranial hypertension. However, the prognosis was unsatisfactory. The patient’s neurological condition progressively worsened and an axial computed tomography scan with a bone window demonstrated a bulging growth in the brain tissue. The patient succumbed after one month due to the widespread metastasis. Thus, this case presents the unusual clinical development of this type of metastatic adenocarcinoma. In addition, due to the intracranial hypertension, the unusual sites of the high intensity signals in the MRI and the lack of a primary tumor, the patient was misdiagnosed with an intracranial infection. Furthermore, this case highlights the necessity for conducting a biopsy as soon as possible and demonstrates the poor prognosis associated with this type of patient.

Gamma Knife radiosurgery combined with stereotactic aspiration as an effective treatment method for large cystic brain metastases

“…However, for a long time, none of these methods was assigned as the standard therapy in clinical practice. The median survival time of affected patients is 1-3 months without therapy (1). The median survival time increases to ~6 months after WBRT (2) and to 10 months subsequent to using the Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) method (3).…”

“…Three methods, including stereotactic radiosurgery, general surgery and whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), are normally clinically used and are relatively effective for treating brain metastases (1). However, for a long time, none of these methods was assigned as the standard therapy in clinical practice.…”

“…In the clinical setting, metastatic tumors that translocate from the primary tumor site to the central nervous system are the most frequently occurring intracranial tumors (1). Three methods, including stereotactic radiosurgery, general surgery and whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), are normally clinically used and are relatively effective for treating brain metastases (1).…”