Rare recurrences of poliomyelitis in non-endemic countries after eradication: a call for global action

Barceló, Josep Mercader; Otu, Akaninyene; Townley, Theresa; Adepoju, Paul; Walley, John; Okoibhole, Lydia O; Ebenso, Bassey

doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00253-1

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Today, global incidence of WPV has been reduced by 99.9% since the establishment of GPEI [12 & ]. The Americas, Western Pacific, and Europe were certified free of WPV by 2002, followed by South-East Asia in 2015, and Africa in 2020, leaving the Eastern Mediterranean as the only region with uninterrupted WPV type 1 transmission [3,[25][26][27]. Although WPV1 has remained endemic in Afghanistan and Pakistan, cases of cVDPV have been reported in more than 30 countries since 2019 [12 & ].…”

Section: Towards Global Poliomyelitis Eradicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following completion of phase II trials, the modified polio vaccine, available only in limited supply, was granted emergency approval from the WHO in 2021 for use in Africa and the East Mediterranean region to curtail outbreaks of cVDPV2 [3,49 ▪ ]. In the first 18 months of use, approximately 450 million doses were delivered across 21 countries to combat cVDPV2 outbreaks, with no evidence of new cVDPVs linked to nOPV2 roll out [46].…”

Section: Current Vaccine Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although multiple public and private global health organizations have coordinated to provide economic and logistical support for vaccination and surveillance programs in developing countries, significant challenges in poliovirus eradication remain [2 & ]. In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical crises across the globe, outbreaks cases have emerged in regions with high vaccination rates that were previously declared free of poliovirus [3]. This review will provide an update on the epidemiology of polioviruses and highlight current strategies for global eradication of poliomyelitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Threat of resurgence or hope for global eradication of poliovirus?

Kim

Piamonte

Allen

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Neurology

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Purpose of reviewRecent outbreaks of poliomyelitis in countries that have been free of cases for decades highlight the challenges of eradicating polio in a globalized interconnected world beset with a novel viral pandemic. We provide an epidemiological update, advancements in vaccines, and amendments in public health strategy of poliomyelitis in this review.Recent findingsLast year, new cases of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) were documented in regions previously documented to have eradicated WPV1 and reports of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) and 3 (cVDPV3) in New York and Jerusalem made international headlines. Sequencing of wastewater samples from environmental surveillance revealed that the WPV1 strains were related to WPV1 lineages from endemic countries and the cVDPV2 strains from New York and Jerusalem were not only related to each other but also to environmental isolates found in London. The evidence of importation of WPV1 cases from endemic countries, and global transmission of cVDPVs justifies renewed efforts in routine vaccination programs and outbreak control measures that were interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. After the novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) received emergency authorization for containment of cVDPV2 outbreaks in 2021, subsequent reduced incidence, transmission rates, and vaccine adverse events, alongside increased genetic stability of viral isolates substantiates the safety and efficacy of nOPV2. The nOPV1 and nOPV3 vaccines, against type 1 and 3 cVDPVs, and measures to increase accessibility and efficacy of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) are in development.SummaryA revised strategy utilizing more genetically stable vaccine formulations, with uninterrupted vaccination programs and continued active surveillance optimizes the prospect of global poliomyelitis eradication.

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Section: Towards Global Poliomyelitis Eradicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Vaccine Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Threat of resurgence or hope for global eradication of poliovirus?

Kim

Piamonte

Allen

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Neurology

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“…These themes are discussed in the comprehensive Lancet Commission by Sachs and colleagues, 1 and in reports from throughout 2022 on the mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) outbreak, 2 and the resurgence of poliomyelitis. 3 But what is missing from these discussions is a consistent approach for selecting optimal response strategies for these major emerging and re-emerging diseases. This need is particularly important for outbreaks with the potential to be declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), which is the current status for all three of these diseases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and other pandemics require a coherent response strategy

et al. 2023

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“…It is reported that all of these three patients in different countries belong to the same community which is reluctant to the polio vaccination. The anti-vaccine movement is a growing concern in developed countries, especially among conservative communities 6 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%