Rarity Value and Species Extinction: The Anthropogenic Allee Effect

Courchamp, Franck; Angulo, Elena; Rivalan, Philippe; Hall, Richard J.; Signoret, Laetitia; Bull, Leight; Meinard, Yves

doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040415

Cited by 505 publications

(452 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is for this reason that we do not present T values for skipjack tuna. Although many species severely threatened by fishing are weak stocks or by-catch species in multispecies fisheries (6-9), a few target species, such as southern bluefin tuna (17) and caviar-producing sturgeons (19), are threatened by their high and increasing rarity value (19). Our approach is also not designed to predict indirect threats from fishing mediated by species interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Except in rare cases (19,33), a fishery would be expected to cease operation before all of its commercially valued species are driven extinct, due to a lack of profitability, regulatory intervention, or both (e.g., ref. 34).…”

Section: The Eventual Threat Index (T)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16) have been developed to forecast the impacts of some fisheries, but these are often data intensive. Some of the characteristics that make a population susceptible to overfishing are well known-for example, low population growth rates (3-11, 17, 18), high value and/or low fishing costs (10,11,(17)(18)(19), and schooling behavior (18). Recently, some correlative approaches based on these characteristics have been developed for assessing likely relative threats to data-poor species (4,(20)(21)(22).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Predicting overfishing and extinction threats in multispecies fisheries

Burgess¹,

Polasky

Tilman

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Threats to species from commercial fishing are rarely identified until species have suffered large population declines, by which time remedial actions can have severe economic consequences, such as closure of fisheries. Many of the species most threatened by fishing are caught in multispecies fisheries, which can remain profitable even as populations of some species collapse. Here we show for multispecies fisheries that the biological and socioeconomic conditions that would eventually cause species to be severely depleted or even driven extinct can be identified decades before those species experience high harvest rates or marked population declines. Because fishing effort imposes a common source of mortality on all species in a fishery, the long-term impact of a fishery on a species is predicted by measuring its loss rate relative to that of species that influence the fishery's maximal effort. We tested our approach on eight Pacific tuna and billfish populations, four of which have been identified recently as in decline and threatened with overfishing. The severe depletion of all four populations could have been predicted in the 1950s, using our approach. Our results demonstrate that species threatened by human harvesting can be identified much earlier, providing time for adjustments in harvesting practices before consequences become severe and fishery closures or other socioeconomically disruptive interventions are required to protect species.early warning | preventative management | overharvesting | mechanistic | assessment

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Eventual Threat Index (T)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Predicting overfishing and extinction threats in multispecies fisheries

Burgess¹,

Polasky

Tilman

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Additionally, the illegal exploitation of rare specimens from isolated populations of H. ciliaris (e.g. wholly yellow, blue or white morphs and other unique color variants, endemic to SPSPA) , Luiz-Júnior 2003, whose individual prices in the Japanese market can achieve up to US$8.900,00, can decrease the genetic diversity or even put these oddities in risk of extinction by means of an Anthropogenic Allee Effect (Courchamp et al 2006).…”

Section: Holocentrus Adscensionismentioning

confidence: 99%

Native species exploited by marine aquarium trade in Brazil

Gurjão

Lotufo

2018

Biota Neotrop.

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Abstract:Brazil has an important role in marine ornamental trade, exploiting native species for both international and domestic market. A few works have previously assessed wild species exploited by the Brazilian marine aquarium industry and most of them focused solely on fish. Hence, the present paper intends to address an information gap regarding the species currently traded in the country, as well as concerning their conservation statuses. Thus, different sources of information were investigated and each species was categorized in accordance with existing lists of threatened species. A wide variety of native species was identified in Brazilian marine aquarium trade, including not only fish but also invertebrates, seaweeds and macrophytes. Some of these species were legally protected, but are still commerced anyway. Such illegal exploitation of native species causes increasing concerns about the sustainability of the activity. Therefore, in order to reduce environmental impacts caused by marine ornamental trade, Brazilian authorities should encourage the implementation of eco-fees, the purchase of eco-labeled aquarium products, the development of sustainable ornamental aquaculture and ecosystem-based management initiatives. Keywords: Marine aquarium fish, marine invertebrates, seaweeds, marine macrophytes, illegal trade, threatened species. Espécies nativas explotadas pela aquariofilia marinha no BrasilResumo: O Brasil possui um papel importante no comércio de ornamentais marinhos, utilizando espécies tanto para exportação como para o mercado interno. Poucos trabalhos anteriores descreveram as espécies nativas utilizadas pela indústria brasileira de aquarismo marinho, e a maioria deles era focada exclusivamente no uso de peixes. Assim, o presente trabalho almeja preencher a falta de informação em relação às espécies atualmente exploradas no país, bem como relativas às suas categorias de conservação. Dessa forma, diferentes fontes de informação foram investigadas e cada espécie foi categorizada de acordo com as listas de espécies ameaçadas existentes. Uma grande variedade de espécies foi identificada no comércio do aquarismo marinho brasileiro, o que inclui não somente peixes, mas também invertebrados, macroalgas e macrófitas. Algumas dessas espécies não poderiam ser exploradas, mas mesmo assim seguem sendo comercializadas. Essa utilização ilegal de espécies nativas provoca preocupações frequentes acerca da sustentabilidade dessa atividade. Desse modo, para reduzir os impactos ambientais causados pelo aquarismo marinho, as autoridades brasileiras deveriam incentivar a implementação de taxas-ecológicas, a aquisição de produtos de aquário com selos ecológicos, o desenvolvimento sustentável da aquacultura ornamental e iniciativas de manejo baseadas no ecossistema. Palavras-chave: Peixes de aquário marinho, invertebrados marinhos, macroalgas marinhas, macrófitas marinhas, comércio ilegal, espécies ameaçadas.

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“…This situation is undoubtedly fuelled by human desire. Increasing rarity leads to increasing demand and therefore increasing value, resulting in a situation where it remains economically viable to utilise a diminishing resource; sensu the anthropogenic alee effect (Courchamp et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A disappearing drylands icon? White rhinoceros conservation and the need for public–private partnerships

Pernetta

2014

Biodiversity

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Rarity Value and Species Extinction: The Anthropogenic Allee Effect

Cited by 505 publications

References 14 publications

Predicting overfishing and extinction threats in multispecies fisheries

Predicting overfishing and extinction threats in multispecies fisheries

Native species exploited by marine aquarium trade in Brazil

A disappearing drylands icon? White rhinoceros conservation and the need for public–private partnerships

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