ras-Related gene sequences identified and isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Defeo-Jones, Deborah; Scolnick, Edward M.; Koller, Richard; Dhar, Ravi

doi:10.1038/306707a0

Cited by 355 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is interesting that the degree of homology between the Drosophila protein and either the human or the yeast ras protein is almost the same and very similar to the degree of homology that exists between yeast and human ras proteins. The distribution of this homology along the protein chain follows a specific pattern that has been observed when the different human ras proteins are compared with themselves and with those of yeasts (7,13). This distribution supports the hypothesis of Powers et al (13), which suggests that the degree of conservation of the amino acid sequence in different regions of the ras protein defines several domains with functional significances in the physiological role of the protein.…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

“…The protein encoded by the Drosophila ras gene contaips 195 amino acids and has a predicted molecular weight of 2h,700. For the purpose of comparison with the yeast and human ras proteins, the amino acid sequences of both of the proteins encoded by the yeast RAS] and human ras genes (7,13) are also shown in Fig. 2 human genes, except for the first 9 amino acids of the third exon.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degree of relatedness between the Drosophila genes and the yeast and human genes breaks down after amino acid 90, and the homology is only patchy for the next 80 amino acids (between 55 and 60%o). There is no homology between any of the ras genes for the region between amino acids 170 and 190, and the Drosophila ras protein ends with the conserved sequence CysAAX (as does its human homolog), where A is an aliphatic amino acid and X is the terminal one (7,13). It is interesting that the degree of homology between the Drosophila protein and either the human or the yeast ras protein is almost the same and very similar to the degree of homology that exists between yeast and human ras proteins.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symbols: = = =, amino acids conserved between Dmras64B and the yeast RAS] protein; AA, homology between Drosophila and human ras genes; -, amino acids that have been conserved between the yeast and human ras proteins (7,13). We have used the symbols =, A , and -to indicate conservative changes (gly and ala; glu and asp; lys and arg; or leu, val, and ile) in the amino acid composition of the ras proteins among the respective pairs of proteins to which we have referred.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and developmental expression of a Drosophila ras oncogene.

Mozer¹,

Marlor²,

Parkhurst³

et al. 1985

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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We cloned a Drosophila melanogaster ras gene (Dmras64B) on the basis of its homology to the ras oncogen from Harvey murine sarcoma virus. This gene mapped at chromosomal position 64B on the left arm of the third chromosome. Sequencing of Dmras64B revealed extensive amino acid homology with the proteins encoded by the human and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ras genes. The coding region of the Drosophila gene is interrupted by two introns located in different positions with respect to its human counterpart. Dmras64B encodes three different RNAs (1.6, 2.1, and 2.6 kilobases long) that are constantly expressed throughout the development of the fly.The transformed phenotype of tumor cells has been associated with the activation of normal cellular oncogenes by a variety of different processes. In the case of the ras genes, which were originally isolated from the Harvey and Kirsten murine sarcoma viruses, this activation results from somatic mutation, giving rise to a protein (p21) with an altered amino acid sequence (1,14,(16)(17)(18)(19)21). Elevated expression of the ras proteins can also transform animal cells (2, 6). Nothing is known, however, about the molecular mechanisms by which the p21 ras-encoded protein causes the transformed phenotype.To gain more insight into the biochemical and cellular roles of the ras gene family, we have begun a study of these genes in Drosophila melanogaster, taking advantage of the fact that they are so highly conserved during evolution (15). A Charon 4A Drosophila genomic library (obtained from T. Maniatis) was screened by using the BglII DNA fragment containing the Harvey murine sarcoma virus ras (Ha-ras) gene as a-probe (3, 8). The hybridization was done in 30% formamide-0.75 M NaCl-0.075 M sodium citrate-0.2% polyvinylpyrrolidone-0.2% bovine serum albumin-0.2% Ficoll-1.0% sodium dodecyl sulfate-denatured calf thymus DNA (100 ,ug/ml) at 37°C for 12 h. The filters were then washed twice with 0.75 M NaCl-0.075 M sodium citrate at room temperature and twice with the same buffer at 60QC. Of the several positive clones obtained, one, designated X-2A, was studied in detail. Figure 1 shows the restriction map of a PstI subfragment, obtained from the X clone, which contains all the sequences homologous to the Ha-ras oncogene. This DNA fragment was sequenced by using the protocol of Maxam and Gilbert (11) (see Fig. 1 for a diagram of the sequencing strategy), and the amino acid sequence of the different open reading frames was compared with that of the human and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ras oncogenes. We found three regions of homology interrupted by two stretches of nonhomologous sequences. These regions of nonhomologous sequences are likely to be introns because protein termination codons exist in all three possible reading frames. The precise location of the introns within the protein-coding regions was assigned on the basis of three different criteria: the existence of a consensus donor and acceptor splice site sequence, the maintenance of an open * Corresponding author. reading frame, and...

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supporting

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and developmental expression of a Drosophila ras oncogene.

Mozer¹,

Marlor²,

Parkhurst³

et al. 1985

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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“…Some vertebrales and invertebrates ha ve been shown to contain in their genome a variety of genes, called proto-oncogenes (Barnekow and Schart), 1984;Schartl and Barnekow, 1982;DeFeo-Jones et al, 1983;Bishop, 1985a;Reymond et al, 1984;Goddard et al, 1986). Thesegenes have raised a great interest because it is known that upon integration into the genome of certain avian and mammalian retroviruses they acquired the ability to rapidly cause tumors and to transform cells of the host organisms in vitro.…”

Section: Introducllonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative studies on the src proto-oncogene and its gene product pp60c-src in normal and neoplastic tissues of lower vertebrates

Barnekow

Schartl

1987

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Bio

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Abstract-!. Oncogenes appear to play an important role in the physiology of transformedas weil as of normal cells.2. Tbe src oncogene is by far the most investigated oncogene in birds and mam~als wit~ respect t.o the biochemical characteristics of its tyrosine kinase activity, although the specd1c functton of thts enzymatic activity still remains to be uncovered.3. Systematic sturlies on the src related kinase activity in lower animals are lacking.4. To contribute to a better understanding of the function of the c-src gene, we performed a comparative study on lower chordates.

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Deletion ofSFI1, a novel suppressor of partial Ras-cAMP pathway deficiency in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, causes G2 arrest

Packham

Winderickx

Nauwelaers

et al. 1999

Yeast

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When glucose is added to Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells grown into stationary phase or on non‐fermentable carbon sources a rapid loss of heat stress resistance occurs. Mutants that retain high stress resistance after addition of glucose are called ‘fil’, for deficient in fermentation induced loss of stress resistance. Transformation of the fil1 mutant, which harbours a point mutation in adenylate cyclase, with a yeast gene library on a single copy plasmid resulted in transformants that were again stress‐sensitive. One of the genes isolated in this way was a gene of previously unknown function. We have called it SFI1, for suppressor of fil1. SFI1 is an essential gene. Combination of Sfi1 and cAMP pathway mutations indicates that Sfi1 itself is not involved in the cAMP pathway. Conditional sfi1 mutants did not show enhanced heat resistance under the restrictive condition, whereas overexpression of SFI1 rendered cells heat‐sensitive. Sfi1 may be a downstream target of the protein kinase A pathway, but its precise relationship with heat resistance remains unclear. Further analysis showed that Sfi1 is required for cell cycle progression, more specifically for progression through G2–M transition. Cells expressing SFI1 under the control of a galactose‐inducible promoter arrest after addition of glucose as doublets of undivided mother and daughter cells. These doublets contain a single nucleus and lack mitotic spindles. Sfi1 shares homology with Xenopus laevis XCAP‐C, a protein required for chromosome assembly. The conserved residues between these two proteins show a strong bias for charged amino acids. Hence, Sfi1 might be required for correct mitotic spindle assembly and its precise role might be in chromosome condensation. In conclusion, we have identified an essential function in the G2–M transition of the cell cycle for a yeast gene of previously unknown function. The EMBL Accession No. of the SFI1 nucleotide sequence is X95569. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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ras-Related gene sequences identified and isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cited by 355 publications

References 10 publications

Characterization and developmental expression of a Drosophila ras oncogene.

Characterization and developmental expression of a Drosophila ras oncogene.

Comparative studies on the src proto-oncogene and its gene product pp60c-src in normal and neoplastic tissues of lower vertebrates

Deletion ofSFI1, a novel suppressor of partial Ras-cAMP pathway deficiency in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, causes G2 arrest

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