Rasgos Morfológicos Dentales Coronales en dentición temporal y permanente: Distancia biológica entre tres grupos indígenas del Amazonas Colombiano

Abstract

Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia y variabilidad de doce rasgos morfológicos dentales coronales (Winging, incisivos centrales y laterales en pala, doble pala, cúspide de Carabelli, patrón cuspídeo, número de cúspides, cresta distal del trigónido, pliegue acodado, protostílido, cúspide 6 y cúspide 7), en dientes temporales (ui1/ui2/um2/lm2) y permanentes (UI1/UI2/ UM1/LM1), para comprender la influencia étnica y la distancia biológica de tres grupos indígenas del Amazonas Colombiano. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo cuantitativo para observar la frecuencia y variabilidad de doce rasgos morfológicos dentales coronales mediante los sistemas Hanihara, Dahlberg, Sciulli, Grine y ASUDAS en 96 modelos de niños de ambos sexos, en dentición mixta y pertenecientes a los grupos Ticuna, Huitoto y Cocama. Resultados: Fueron observadas altas frecuencias de winging, incisivos centrales y laterales en pala, de las formas surco y fosa de la cúspide de Carabelli, patrón cuspídeo Y6 o Y7, pliegue acodado, protostílido y cúspide 6, típicas de la morfología dental del complejo dental Mongoloide - subdivisión Sinodonte. Se apreciaron frecuencias significativas del patrón cuspídeo +6 y +7, y de la cúspide, 7 lo cual sugiere mestizaje. Existe afinidad biológica entre las tres etnias, y fue demostrada la simetría bilateral y ausencia de dimorfismo sexual.

Dental Anthropology Research Conducted at the School of Dentistry of the Universidad del Valle (Cali, Colombia) between 2002 and 2021: A Literature Review

“…Rodriguez (2003) has used this trait to discriminate between European populations and Asian populations, including Amerindians. Different studies on Colombian indigenous populations have identified high frequencies of the shovelshaped incisor trait in groups that have remained relatively isolated, while the decrease in their expression (grades 1 to 3) could be associated with mixed origin with European and Afro-descendant mixed origin groups Aragón et al, 2008;Díaz et al, 2014).…”

“…One of the most interesting traits to study in contemporary Colombian populations is Carabelli's trait, which is considered a European trait with great discriminating power between mixed, Afro-Colombian, and indigenous Colombian groups. However, through different studies, it has been possible to understand that the dichotomous expression (absence/presence) of the ASUDAS reference plaque should not be associated with ethnically mixed origin (Aragón et al, 2008;Díaz et al, 2014, Zúñiga et al, 2016, due to the fact that indigenous Colombian populations have been characterized by presenting fossa expressions in intermediate degrees, which are considered present in the gradation, so they have been recognized as a characteristic pattern of all Amerindians . In a study that grouped different contemporary populations of southwestern Colombia, it was found that mixed groups presented fossa expressions, Y depressions, and small cusps.…”

Occlusal Polygon Area of the Molars in Six Colombian Ethnic Groups

“…Thus a sample was constituted with 18 Embera indigenous from Alto Baudo (Choco) -12 women and 6 men- (Moreno et al, 2016), 25 Caucasoid mestizos from Cali (Valle del Cauca) -13 women and 12 men- (Aguirre et al, 2006), 156 African descents from Cali (Valle del Cauca) -79 women and 77 men- (García et al, 2015), 60 Misak indigenous from Silvia (Cauca) -34 women and 26 men- (García et al). 100 Nasa indigenous from Morales (Cauca) -62 women and 38 men- (Díaz et al, 2014), and 100 indigenous from Leticia (Amazonas) -56 women and 44 men- (Aragón et al, 2008). The models were taken into account whose second primary molars and first permanent molars present without wear or fracture (Fig.…”

Frequency and variability of five non metric dental crown traits in the permanent maxillary dentitions of a racially mixed population from Bengaluru, Karnataka

“…Because of the frequency and variability of TCMTs, human populations can be associated with geographical distributions, and different researchers have ethnographically classified human beings in complex populations from dental morphology. [25,26] The first of these complexes was defined by Hanihara in 1966 [27] as the mongoloid dental complex, which brings together different populations from East Asia that are consistent characteristic of the maxillary molars. Thus, it is reasonable to conclude that the Carabelli trait is significant in the evolution of man and possibly in different racial groups.…”