Raspberry pomace alters cecal microbial activity and reduces secondary bile acids in rats fed a high-fat diet

Fotschki, Bartosz; Juśkiewicz, Jerzy; Jurgoński, Adam; Rigby, Neil M.; Sójka, Michał; Kołodziejczyk, Krzysztof; Mackie, Alan; Zduńczyk, Zenon

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.03.004

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The health benefits associated with these substances are various and relate in part to the inhibition of digestive enzymes [13], a decrease of oxidative stress [14], and a change in the gut microbiota [15]. Ellagitannins from red raspberry exert cytotoxic effects against human colon adenocarcinoma in vitro [16] and reduce secondary bile acids in rats fed a high-fat diet [17]. Other fruits such as pomegranate also contain ellagitannins, and this fruit has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antitumoral properties [18], to promote a protective effect in obesityassociated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [19], to help ameliorate metabolic syndrome [20], and to reduce thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in overweight subjects [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplementation with Raspberry Extracts Modifies the Fecal Microbiota in Obese Diabetic db/db Mice

García-Mazcorro¹,

Pedreschi

Chew

et al. 2018

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

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Raspberries are polyphenol-rich fruits with the potential to reduce the severity of the clinical signs associated with obesity, a phenomenon that may be related to changes in the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of raspberry supplementation on the fecal microbiota using an in vivo model of obesity. Obese diabetic db/db mice were used in this study and assigned to two experimental groups (with and without raspberry supplementation). Fecal samples were collected at the end of the supplementation period (8 weeks) and used for bacterial 16S rRNA gene profiling using a MiSeq instrument (Illumina). QIIME 1.8 was used to analyze the 16S data. Raspberry supplementation was associated with an increased abundance of Lachnospiraceae (p = 0.009), a very important group for gut health, and decreased abundances of Lactobacillus, Odoribacter, and the fiber degrader S24-7 family as well as unknown groups of Bacteroidales and Enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.05). These changes were enough to clearly differentiate bacterial communities accordingly to treatment, based on the analysis of UniFrac distance metrics. However, a predictive approach of functional profiles showed no difference between the treatment groups. Fecal metabolomic analysis provided critical information regarding the raspberry-supplemented group, whose relatively higher phytosterol concentrations may be relevant for the host health, considering the proven health benefits of these phytochemicals. Further studies are needed to investigate whether the observed differences in microbial communities (e.g., Lachnospiraceae) or metabolites relate to clinically significant differences that can prompt the use of raspberry extracts to help patients with obesity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplementation with Raspberry Extracts Modifies the Fecal Microbiota in Obese Diabetic db/db Mice

García-Mazcorro¹,

Pedreschi

Chew

et al. 2018

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

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“…To induce obesity-related changes in the hepatocytes (HepG2 cells), plasma samples obtained from a preclinical study using Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet were used [ 18 ]. The plasma samples from an in vivo model of a high-fat diet contained significantly higher values of the total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in comparison to the animals fed with a standard diet for laboratory rodents ( p ≤ 0.05; Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, a nutritional study performed on rats with metabolic syndrome symptoms induced by a high-fat diet showed that ellagic acid attenuates diet-induced impairment of glucose tolerance and reduces NF-κB protein levels in the liver [ 17 ]. In addition, our previous nutritional experiments with dietary extracts from raspberries have indicated that these extracts are effective at decreasing total triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood and modulate hepatic lipid metabolism in rats fed with a high-fat diet [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. The regulatory effects observed in the liver partially support the hypothesis that raspberry extracts can reduce liver disorders induced by a high-fat diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raspberry Polyphenolic Extract Regulates Obesogenic Signals in Hepatocytes

2018

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The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the effect of raspberry polyphenolic extract on the immune-metabolic molecular mechanisms activated by obesity-related signals in hepatocytes (HB-8965®). Alterations in endosomal/lysosomal activity (neutral red uptake assay, NR), the expression of selected genes involved with lipid oxidation, and metabolism and inflammation processes in the liver were studied. Hepatocytes were treated with plasma collected from Wistar rats that were fed a high-fat diet (HF), raspberry polyphenolic extract (PP), serine-type protease inhibitors as an agonist of TLR4 (TD) or a combination of PP with HF or TD treatments. The PP added to the experimental treatments modulated hepatic immune-metabolic mechanisms through the upregulation of STAT1, ANGPTL4, and CD44, as well as considerably reducing the NR uptake and downregulation of COX-2 and the multifunctional protein AhR. The kinetic analysis of AhR expression revealed that HF-related molecular mechanisms activated AhR mRNA expression earlier than PP initiated the regulatory effect. In conclusion, PP might be considered a valuable dietary agent that regulates obesity-related signals in hepatocytes. Moreover, taking AhR kinetic behavior into consideration, it can be assumed that PP might modulate the severity of the HF-induced downstream metabolic signaling of AhR.

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“…The HF diet also increased hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride levels by approximately four and two times, respectively (compared with the C group). Studies on HF diets, including those conducted in our laboratory, have suggested that such a considerable hepatic cholesterol accumulation cannot be achieved in rats by only a high dietary fat content [ 24 , 25 ]. For example, the study by Quesada et al [ 24 ] showed that the cholesterol accumulation in rats fed an HF diet for 12 weeks, although significantly higher, is not even 2 times greater.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of note, cholic acid is one of two primary bile acids synthesized by the human liver, which facilitates digestion and absorption of dietary lipids [ 26 ]. However, this compound is minor in rats, in which muricholic acids are the main bile acids synthesized by the liver [ 25 ]. Interestingly, the HF diet containing cholic acid used in the present study had minor, but still negative influence on the blood lipid profile, decreasing only the HDL cholesterol concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Effects of Native and Defatted Flaxseeds on Intestinal Enzyme Activity and Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet Containing Cholic Acid

et al. 2018

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We hypothesize that defatting is an important factor that can determine the beneficial effects of flaxseeds on rats with diet-induced disorders. The experiment lasts 8 weeks and is conducted on Wistar rats allocated to four groups as follows: a control group fed with a standard diet; a high-fat (HF) group fed with a diet containing 21% fat and 0.1% cholic acid as a stimulator of lipid absorption; an HF group fed a diet supplemented with 1% native flaxseeds; and an HF group fed a diet supplemented with 1% defatted flaxseeds. In the HF group, several unfavourable changes in the gut and lipid metabolism are observed. Supplementation of the HF diet with native flaxseeds prevent an increase in colonic β-glucuronidase activity, whereas dietary defatted flaxseeds increase mucosal disaccharidase activities in the small intestine (sucrose, maltase and lactase). Regardless of the form of supplementation, dietary flaxseeds increase bacterial glycolytic activity in the distal intestine and decrease hepatic fat, especially triglyceride, accumulation. Both flaxseed forms decrease lipid peroxidation in the kidneys and increase the blood HDL cholesterol concentration with the native form being more efficient in the former and the defatted form being more efficient in the latter. The lipid-modulating effects of defatted flaxseeds are associated with reduced hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, which is not the case in terms of native flaxseeds. Dietary supplementation with a relatively small amount of flaxseeds can exert beneficial effects on gut functions and lipid metabolism in rats, and these effects are affected by defatting to some extent.

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Raspberry pomace alters cecal microbial activity and reduces secondary bile acids in rats fed a high-fat diet

Cited by 24 publications

References 58 publications

Dietary Supplementation with Raspberry Extracts Modifies the Fecal Microbiota in Obese Diabetic db/db Mice

Dietary Supplementation with Raspberry Extracts Modifies the Fecal Microbiota in Obese Diabetic db/db Mice

Raspberry Polyphenolic Extract Regulates Obesogenic Signals in Hepatocytes

Comparative Effects of Native and Defatted Flaxseeds on Intestinal Enzyme Activity and Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet Containing Cholic Acid

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