Rat Models for Bariatric Surgery and Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Mistry, Sheetal Bharat; Omana, Juan J.; Kini, Subhash

doi:10.1007/s11695-009-9811-0

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…However, the mechanisms involved in this reversal are not known. Although DJB surgery model has been established in rats, [10][11][12] comparing with the mouse model, rat model offers less opportunities for genomic and proteomic manipulation for the future type 2 diabetes research. The availability of inbred and transgeneic strains in mice allows the easy manipulation and correct interpretations of their immunologic responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of techniques for gastrojejunal bypass surgery in obese mice

Zhu¹,

Zassoko²,

Liu³

et al. 2010

Microsurgery

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We have previously described a duodenojejunal bypass (DJB) surgical model in healthy C57BL/6 mice. However, our pilot study showed that the same surgical technique caused a high mortality rate in obese mice. In this study, to significantly improve animal survival rate following bariatric surgery and thereby providing a stable surgical model for the study of glucose homeostasis in obese mice, we have used modified techniques and developed the end-to-side gastrojejunal bypass (GJB) surgery in obese C57BL/6 with impaired glucose tolerance. The modification consisted of using the distal part of the jejunum for biliopancreatic diversion including: 1) ligation of the distal stomach at the level of the pylorus; 2) connection the jejunum to the anterior wall of stomach in an end-to-side fashion; and 3) diverting the biliopancreatic secretions through the blind limb into the distal jejunum through an end-to-side anastomosis. We found that by modifying the proximal end-to-end duodenojejunal anastomosis, described in our original model, to an end-to-side gastrojejunal anastomosis in these obese mice, we were able to significantly improve the postoperative mortality in this study. We have also demonstrated that performing the GJB surgery in obese mice resulted in significant weight loss, normalized blood glucose levels, and prevented acute pancreatitis. This newly developed GJB surgery in the obese mice offers a unique advantage to study the mechanisms of gastrointestinal surgery as treatment for type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of techniques for gastrojejunal bypass surgery in obese mice

Zhu¹,

Zassoko²,

Liu³

et al. 2010

Microsurgery

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“…Mistry et al published a very informative review stratifying rodent models according to their appropriateness for use in bariatric vs diabetic surgery research, citing the Goto Kakazaki (GK), Cohen (C), and Torri (T) strains of lean rodent as best suited to investigation of the effect of glucose metabolism on T2DM following diabetes surgery [58]. They noted the value of the GK rat particularly as a model to study the relationship between beta cell mass and complications associated with T2DM; the C rodent, as useful for observing expression of the T2DM phenotype in genetically predisposed subjects due to nutritional and environmental factors; and the T strain as appropriate for studying long-term complications of T2DM, although no metabolic surgical study has yet been published using the C or T model.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Surgery for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients with BMI <35 kg/m2: An Integrative Review of Early Studies

Fried

Ribaric²,

Buchwald³

et al. 2010

OBES SURG

154

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) resolution in morbidly obese patients following metabolic surgery suggests the efficacy of T2DM surgery in non-morbidly obese patients (body mass index [BMI] <35 kg/m(2)). This literature review examined research articles in English over the last 30 years (1979-2009) that addressed surgical resolution of T2DM in patients with a mean BMI <35. Weighted and simple means (95% CI) were calculated to analyze study outcomes. Sixteen studies met inclusion criteria; 343 patients underwent one of eight procedures with 6-216 months follow-up. Patients lost a clinically meaningful, not excessive, amount of weight (from BMI 29.4 to 24.2; -5.1), moving from the overweight into the normal weight category. There were 85.3% patients who were off T2DM medications with fasting plasma glucose approaching normal (105.2 mg/dL, -93.3), and normal glycated hemoglobin, 6% (-2.7). In subgroup comparison, BMI reduction and T2DM resolution were greatest following malabsorptive/restrictive procedures, and in the preoperatively mildly obese (30.0-35.0) vs overweight (25.0-25.9) BMI ranges. Complications were few with low operative mortality (0.29%). Novel and/or known mechanisms of T2DM resolution may be engaged by surgery at a BMI threshold

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“…Their specific characteristics haven been published elsewhere (Wistar rat [91], Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat [91], Fischer 344 rat [89,92,93], Levin Sprague-Dawley (LSD) rat [23], Osborne Mendel (OM) rat [23], Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) [91,93] rat, Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (LETO) rat, Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat [90,91,94], and Goto Kakizaki (GK) rat [91]). The applicability of the different available rat strains in the field of bariatric surgery research has been discussed in a separate review by Mistry et al [91]. It is reasonable to assume that the choice of rat strain may directly impact on the metabolic findings.…”

Section: Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons Learned from Gastric Bypass Operations in Rats

2011

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Numerous studies using gastric bypass rat models have been recently conducted to uncover underlying physiological mechanisms of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Reflecting on lessons learned from gastric bypass rat models may thus aid the development of gastric bypass models in mice and other species. This review aims to discuss technical and experimental details of published gastric bypass rat models to understand advantages and limitations of this experimental tool. The review is based on PubMed literature using the search terms ‘animal model’, ‘rodent model’, ‘bariatric surgery’, ‘gastric bypass’, and ‘Roux-en-Y gastric bypass’. All studies published up until February 2011 were included. 32 studies describing 15 different rat gastric bypass models were included. Description of surgical technique differs in terms of pouch size, limb lengths, preservation of the vagal nerve, and mortality rate. Surgery was carried out exclusively in male rats of different strains and ages. Pre- and postoperative diets also varied significantly. Technical and experimental variations in published gastric bypass rat models complicate comparison and identification of potential physiological mechanisms involved in gastric bypass. In summary, there is no clear evidence that any of these models is superior, but there is an emerging need for standardization of the procedure to achieve consistent and comparable data.

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Rat Models for Bariatric Surgery and Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 15 publications

References 52 publications

Development of techniques for gastrojejunal bypass surgery in obese mice

Development of techniques for gastrojejunal bypass surgery in obese mice

Metabolic Surgery for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients with BMI <35 kg/m2: An Integrative Review of Early Studies

Lessons Learned from Gastric Bypass Operations in Rats

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