Rat Pineal Free Amino Acids Diurnal Rhythm and Effect of Light

Nir, I.; Briel, G.; Dames, W.; Neuhoff, Volker

doi:10.3109/13813457309074466

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The pineal gland contains a high concentration of glu tamate [1][2][3]. Glutamate-binding sites have also been identified in the bovine pineal gland by Ebadi and co workers [4,5], They reported that this gland has quisqual ate-binding sites but not kainic acid (KA)-or N-methyl-Z)-aspartate (NMDA)-binding sites, suggesting that the pineal gland has an a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-type receptor among its ion otropic glutamate receptors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression of KA Type and NMDA Receptors and of a Glycine Transporter in the Rat Pineal Gland

Sato

Kiyama²,

Shimada³

et al. 1993

Neuroendocrinology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression of KA Type and NMDA Receptors and of a Glycine Transporter in the Rat Pineal Gland

Sato

Kiyama²,

Shimada³

et al. 1993

Neuroendocrinology

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“…Recently, Rosenblurn et al (1979) discovered large amounts of taurine in their partially purified bovine pineal fractions which show antigonadotropic activity in mice. Moreover, Grosso et al (1978) found a circadian rhythm in the content of taurine in rat pineals, as has suggested earlier by the work of Nir et al (1973). From these facts the question was raised as to whether the rat pineal contains the enzymes necessary for the biosynthesis of taurine from a precursor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Biosynthesis of taurine by rat pinealsin vitro

Ebels

Benson

Larsen

1980

J. Neural Transmission

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Pineal glands from adult, male rats were incubated in oxygenated Krebs-Ringer buffer containing 14C-cystine. After three hours the incubation media and pineal gland extracts were placed separately on Dowex AG W50-X-4 columns. In the elution volume where 14C-labeled taurine is found a labeled peak was recovered. However, when subjected to one or two dimensional paper chromatography especially the eluants from pineal gland extracts yielded two 14C-labeled substances one located in the region where unlabeled taurine is detected by ortho-phthalaldehyde reagent. These results were confirmed utilizing a method developed in our laboratory based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The pineals, as well as their respective incubation medium, were shown to contain radioactive taurine. These results demonstrate that rat pineal glands are capable of taurine synthesis. Also a high degree of labeling was associated with an area on paper chromatograms, migrating more rapidly than the standards, using acidic solvent systems. If represented by a single pineal compound, the substance must be rapidly synthesized from 14C-cystine to account for the radioactivity observed. Future studies of sulfur metabolism within the pineal gland could be of significant interest.

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“…The presence of glutamate and glutamate receptors was first revealed in the pineal organ of mammals by using biochemical, autoradiographic, and immunocytochemical methods (Nir et al 1973(Nir et al , 1974Ebadi et al 1986, McNulty et al 1992Kus et al 1993;Redecker and Veh 1994). Since the mammalian pineal is generally considered a gland, most of the authors have assigned a role for glutamate in the regulation of pineal glandular activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Immunoreactive excitatory amino acids in the parietal eye of lizards, a comparison with the pineal organ and retina

Vígh

Debreceni

Fejér

et al. 1997

Cell and Tissue Research

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The fine structure of the organ and the localization of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate were studied in the parietal eye of lizards by postembedding immunoelectron microscopy. The parietal eye contains cone photoreceptor cells, secondary neurons, and ependymal and lens cells. The photoreceptors form long inner and outer segments, some of them being paired as "twin-photoreceptors" by zonulae adherentes. Perikarya of neurons bear sensory cilia (containing 9x2+0 pairs of tubules) extending into the intercellular space. No neurohormonal terminals are present in the parietal eye. A higher immunoreactivity to glutamate than to aspartate is found in the photoreceptors and in the secondary neurons of the parietal eye. Glutamate immunogold labeling is more intense in the axonal processes of photoreceptors and neurons and in most of the nerve fibers of the parietal nerve running to the brain stem. Weak aspartate and glutamate immunoreactivity can be detected in the ependymal and lens cells. A similar distribution of immunoreactive amino acids is found in the photoreceptors, secondary neurons, and ependymal glial elements of the pineal organ, and retina of the lateral eye of the same animals. Immunoreactive glutamate accumulates in the axons of photoreceptors and secondary neurons of the parietal eye suggesting that this excitatory amino acid acts as a synaptic mediator in the neural efferentation of the organ. Thus, the efferent light-conducting pathway of the parietal organ is similar to that of the pineal organ and lateral eye retina. As the Mullerian cells of the retina, the ependymal and lens cells of the parietal eye and the ependymal-glial cells of the pineal organ may play a role in the metabolism and/or elimination of excitatory amino acids released by photoreceptors.

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Rat Pineal Free Amino Acids Diurnal Rhythm and Effect of Light

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Gene Expression of KA Type and NMDA Receptors and of a Glycine Transporter in the Rat Pineal Gland

Gene Expression of KA Type and NMDA Receptors and of a Glycine Transporter in the Rat Pineal Gland

Biosynthesis of taurine by rat pinealsin vitro

Immunoreactive excitatory amino acids in the parietal eye of lizards, a comparison with the pineal organ and retina

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