Rat

Influence of Study Design Variables on Clinical Pathology Data

“…Acute bolus dosing often utilizes a single needle stick in which the degree of tissue damage is minimal whereas indwelling or even temporary catheters are more likely to induce more pronounced changes among clinical pathology variables. Some of the more common tissue injury changes associated with IV dosing include mild elevations in AST, ALT, LDH, and/or CK activities attributable to mild localized skeletal muscle injury (Sheehan, Patten, and Mowat 2014). Prolonged animal restraint in studies with longer duration dose administration (2 hr to 24 hr) will also contribute to the effects on musculoskeletal markers but has also been shown to increase corticosterone concentrations in rats (Sheehan, Patten, and Mowat 2014).…”

“…Some of the more common tissue injury changes associated with IV dosing include mild elevations in AST, ALT, LDH, and/or CK activities attributable to mild localized skeletal muscle injury (Sheehan, Patten, and Mowat 2014). Prolonged animal restraint in studies with longer duration dose administration (2 hr to 24 hr) will also contribute to the effects on musculoskeletal markers but has also been shown to increase corticosterone concentrations in rats (Sheehan, Patten, and Mowat 2014). Indwelling or temporary catheters and IV dosing into the tails of rodents are often associated with a variety of inflammatory signals when compared to orally dosed animals.…”

“…Indwelling or temporary catheters and IV dosing into the tails of rodents are often associated with a variety of inflammatory signals when compared to orally dosed animals. These effects may include mild to moderate increases in neutrophil count, globulin, acute phase reactants (e.g., C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A), and fibrinogen concentrations and/or reduced albumin concentration that are attributable to mild local inflammatory changes at the infusion site (Sheehan, Patten, and Mowat 2014). Transient increases in a variety of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-6) are also common following (2-hr to 6-hr postdose) acute bolus dosing with a single needle stick or with indwelling catheters (Sakai et al 2016).…”