Rate Dependent Bundle Branch Block Induced by Hyperkalemia

“…It is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant manner also autosomal recessive inheritance and sporadic cases have been reported. Rare LBBB etiologies are: cardiomyopathies associated with collagenous disease [43]; congenital heart diseases (late phase of aortic stenosis); blood or crystalloid cardioplegia; use of taxol, cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs [44]; primary amyloidosis [45]; sarcoidosis [46]; hyperpotassemia [47]; postoperatively in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy [24]; after coronary angiography [48]; without apparent cause (idiopathic, cryptogenetic, primary or essential).…”

Section: Figure 4 Vcg Criteria In the Hpmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Vectorcardiogram and the Main Dromotropic Disturbances

Pérez‐Riera

Barbosa‐Barros

Daminello‐Raimundo

et al. 2021

CCR

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: Until the mid-1980s, it was believed that the vectorcardiogram (VCG) presented a greater specificity, sensitivity and accuracy in comparison to the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), in the cardiology diagnosis. Currently, the VCG still is superior to the ECG in specific situations, such as in the evaluation of myocardial infarctions when associated with intraventricular conduction disturbances, in the identification and location of accessory pathways in ventricular preexcitation, in the differential diagnosis of patterns varying from normal of electrical axis deviation, in the evaluation of particular aspects of Brugada syndrome, Brugada phenocopies, concealed form of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and zonal or fascicular blocks of the right bundle branch on right ventricular free wall .VCG allows us to analyze the presence of left septal fascicular block more accurately than ECG and in the diagnosis of the interatrial blocks and severity of some chambers enlargements. The three-dimensional spatial orientation of both the atrial and the ventricular activity provides a far more complete observation tool than the linear ECG. We believe that the ECG/VCG binomial simultaneously obtained by the technique called electro-vectorcardiography (ECG/VCG) brought a significant gain for the differential diagnosis of several pathologies. Finally, in the field of education and research, VCG provided a better and more rational tridimensional insight into the electrical phenomena that occurs spatially, and represented an important impact on the progress of electrocardiography.

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“…5 Several other EKG alterations may occur, including atrioventricular arrhythmias, pacemaker dysfunction, rate-dependent bundle branch block, atrioventricular block with junctional rhythm, and pseudonormalization of inverted T waves. 6,7 Patients with pacemakers may have widening of the paced P wave and paced QRS complex. 8 The effects of hyperkalemia on the heart vary depending on the tissue involved.…”

Section: Ekg Changes Associated With Hyperkalemiamentioning

confidence: 99%