“…The success of FRP confinement is mainly related to the excellent properties of FRP composites, including high tensile strength, corrosion resistance, lightweight, and easy application (Jiang and Teng, 2013;Bai et al, 2021). Extensive research on FRP-confined concrete columns has led to a good understanding of the axial compressive behavior and the related concrete confinement models (Xiao and Wu, 2000;Ilki et al, 2008;Yu et al, 2010a;Yu et al, 2010b;De Luca et al, 2010;Dai et al, 2011;Ozbakkaloglu et al, 2013;Zhou et al, 2016;Bai et al, 2017;Lin and Teng, 2017;Ouyang et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2017;Zeng et al, 2017;Zeng et al, 2018;Guo et al, 2019;Zeng et al, 2020a;Zeng et al, 2020b;Zeng et al, 2020c;Lin and Teng, 2020;Yan et al, 2021;Zeng et al, 2021). It is well known that the failure mode of FRP-confined concrete cylinders is usually dominated by the tensile rupture of the FRP jackets in the hoop direction.…”