Rate Enhancement in Modified Polypyrrole Electrodes

Foos, J. S.; Erker, S. M.

doi:10.1149/1.2109067

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Direct oxidative reaction of hydroquinone using enzyme catalyst produces benzoquinone. On the other hand, electrochemical polymerization of hydroquinone produced poly(1,4-dihydroxy-2,5-phenylene) 29) . Another approach to poly(hydroquinone) synthesis was reported; the enzymatic oxidative polymerization of glucose-b-D-hydroquinone and subsequent acid hydrolysis of the resulting polymer produced poly(1,4-dihydroxy-2,6phenylene) 30) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of a poly(hydroquinone)

Tonami

Uyama

Kobayashi³

et al. 1999

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

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SUMMARY: Chemoenzymatic synthesis of a poly(hydroquinone) was achieved by enzymatic oxidative polymerization of 4-hydroxyphenyl benzoate, followed by alkaline hydrolysis of the resulting polymer. The polymerization of 4-hydroxyphenyl benzoate was performed using a peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide as catalyst and oxidizing agent, respectively, in an aqueous organic solvent. Soybean peroxidase afforded the polymer in good yields. IR analysis of the polymer showed the formation of the polymer consisting of a mixture of phenylene and oxyphenylene units. By alkaline hydrolysis of the resulting polymer, benzoate moiety was completely removed to give poly(hydroquinone).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of a poly(hydroquinone)

Tonami

Uyama

Kobayashi³

et al. 1999

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

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“…Compared to metals, carbon or hydrocarbon coatings represent relatively soft and biocompatible platforms. However, ES may change the oxidation state of conductive polymers by driving counterions out of the material, which might negatively impact the fast and efficient charge injection into the conducting polymers [ 108 ]. Carbon and transparent conductive oxides might age, showing small yet measurable changes in electrode properties after just one week of stimulation [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Stimulation and Cellular Behaviors in Electric Field in Biomedical Research

2021

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Research on the cellular response to electrical stimulation (ES) and its mechanisms focusing on potential clinic applications has been quietly intensified recently. However, the unconventional nature of this methodology has fertilized a great variety of techniques that make the interpretation and comparison of experimental outcomes complicated. This work reviews more than a hundred publications identified mostly from Medline, categorizes the techniques, and comments on their merits and weaknesses. Electrode-based ES, conductive substrate-mediated ES, and noninvasive stimulation are the three principal categories used in biomedical research and clinic. ES has been found to enhance cell proliferation, growth, migration, and stem cell differentiation, showing an important potential in manipulating cellular activities in both normal and pathological conditions. However, inappropriate parameters or setup can have negative effects. The complexity of the delivered electric signals depends on how they are generated and in what form. It is also difficult to equate one set of parameters with another. Mechanistic studies are rare and badly needed. Even so, ES in combination with advanced materials and nanotechnology is developing a strong footing in biomedical research and regenerative medicine.

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Electrodeposition and cycling of polypyrrole

Beck

Oberst

1987

Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia

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Polypyrrole has been electrodeposited at a constant current density of 4 mA cm−2 onto Pt from 0.1 M pyrrole, 0.1 M NBu4 BF4 in dry CH3CN. The thickness of the polypyrrole has been varied over a wide range of 0.02 to 50 μm. Elemental analysis reveals an excess of hydrogen in the polymer. The electrochemical equivalent corresponds to an insertion of 25–35 mole % BF4‐anions and a current efficiency of 80–100% for the electrodeposition process. SEM technique shows a highly textured material at a thickness larger than 1 μm. Reversible water vapour adsorption of this material has been detected. The potential/time curve during galvanostatic electrodeposition is without special features. The start potential, USSCE = 0.9 V, is relatively negative. A slight decay of potential in the course of the electrodeposition of thick layers is explained in terms of increasing surface roughness. Cyclic voltammetry has been used for a systematic investigation into the role of the positive and negative endpotentials. The importance of a total primary discharge after electrodeposition has been clarified. At a film thickness d exceeding 1 μm, the cyclovoltammetric curve degenerates, and the anodic peak flattens and shifts to more positive potentials. Active mass utilization decreases with increasing d and with increasing voltage scan rate vs. The plot of anodic peak current density vs. vs is linear for layers below 1 μm thickness. For thick layers and at high vs, deviations occur, indicating a transport limitation in the film. As the film is not homogeneous, a quantitative evaluation is not possible.

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Rate Enhancement in Modified Polypyrrole Electrodes

Abstract: not Available.

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of a poly(hydroquinone)

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of a poly(hydroquinone)

Electrical Stimulation and Cellular Behaviors in Electric Field in Biomedical Research

Electrodeposition and cycling of polypyrrole

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