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AbstractWe prove statistical limit laws for sequences of Birkhoff sums of the typewhere T n is a family of nonuniformly hyperbolic transformations. The key ingredient is a new martingale-coboundary decomposition for nonuniformly hyperbolic transformations which is useful already in the case when the family T n is replaced by a fixed transformation T , and which is particularly effective in the case when T n varies with n.In addition to uniformly expanding/hyperbolic dynamical systems, our results include cases where the family T n consists of intermittent maps, unimodal maps (along the Collet-Eckmann parameters), Viana maps, and externally forced dispersing billiards.As an application, we prove a homogenization result for discrete fast-slow systems where the fast dynamics is generated by a family of nonuniformly hyperbolic transformations.