Rate of Eating and Body Weight in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes or Hyperlipidaemia

Takayama, Shuzo; Akamine, Yoriko; Okabe, Taijiro; Koya, Yasunori; Haraguchi, Mikiko; Miyata, Yugo; Sakai, Tohru; Sakura, Hiroshi; Sasaki, T

doi:10.1177/147323000203000413

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…One preliminary study showed that BMI increased in association with increasing eating rate in diabetic patients, although it did not take into account any confounding factors [8]. One of our co-authors reported an increase in BMI with faster eating rate as assessed by the same questionnaire as that used in the present study and independently of nutrient intake, physical activity or experience of dieting in young females [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The eating rate of obese people has been investigated, and eating slowly has been considered to be a simple and effective therapy for obesity [7]. Recently, several epidemiological studies conducted among healthy participants have shown positive associations between eating quickly and obesity [8][9][10][11][12] and metabolic syndrome [13]. However, it is not certain whether these findings are also applicable to those with abnormal glucose regulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Impact of eating rate on obesity and cardiovascular risk factors according to glucose tolerance status: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry and the Hisayama Study

et al. 2012

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Aims/hypothesis Medical nutrition therapy plays a critical role in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, appropriate measures of eating behaviours, such as eating rate, have not yet been clearly established. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations among eating rate, obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods A total of 7,275 Japanese individuals aged ≥40 years who had normal fasting glucose levels, impaired fasting glucose or diabetes were divided into four groups according to self-reported eating rate: slow, medium, relatively fast and very fast. The associations between eating rate and various cardiovascular risk factors were investigated cross-sectionally. Results The proportions of participants who were obese or who had elevated waist circumference levels increased progressively with increases in eating rate (p for trend <0.001), regardless of glucose tolerance status. These associations remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders, namely, age, sex, total energy intake, dietary fibre intake, current smoking, current drinking and regular exercise (p for trend <0.001). Blood pressure and lipid levels also tended to increase in association with eating rate. HbA 1c rose significantly as eating rate increased, even after multivariate adjustment, including BMI, in diabetic patients on insulin therapy (p00.02), whereas fasting plasma glucose did not increase significantly. Conclusions/interpretation Our findings suggest that eating rate is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors and therefore may be a modifiable risk factor in the management of cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Impact of eating rate on obesity and cardiovascular risk factors according to glucose tolerance status: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry and the Hisayama Study

et al. 2012

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“…Several studies have reported the potential associations in this regard, such as relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mealtimes [19][20][21]. However, other investigations have identified no connection between mealtimes and obesity [22][23][24][25][26]. Thus, the findings in this area are disputable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…Table 1 shows the mean values and correlations of each parameter related to food intake. The total intake time was 367.1 ± 132.1 s (149-704 s), and the number of mouthfuls was 23.5 ± 5.0 (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). The mouthful weight was 12.1 ± 2.4 g (7.5-16.2 g), and the intake interval was 15.1 ± 5.1 s (7.8-25.7 s).…”

Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral feeding behavior during a whole meal

Murakami¹,

Nakamura²,

Nakajima³

et al. 2017

Dent Oral Craniofac Res

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Eating is an instinctive behavior and a fundamental oral function for energy intake. However, the changes in the variables involved in intake volume and timedependent changes during a meal have yet to be sufficiently clarified. This study aimed to elucidate the changes in normal food intake behavior during a meal. We recruited 20 healthy females with normal body mass index. Food intake behavior and intake volume were recorded using a three-dimensional motion capture system and electric weighing instrument. We applied multilevel model analysis to describe fitting curves of the variables related to food intake. Correlations of these variables were also estimated. We described time-dependent statistically significant polynomial curves of variables during a meal. The mouthful weight and intake interval were not constant throughout the meal. The mouthful weight was larger at the beginning of the meal than at the end; the intake interval was the shortest at the start of a meal; it gradually increased until the 80% point. Most of the variables were statistically and strongly correlated with one another. The total intake time had a significantly high positive correlation with the number of mouthfuls, mouthful weight, intake interval, total chewing number, and mouthful chewing number; the total intake time had a significantly negative correlation with mouthful weight. We established that in the healthy subjects, food intake behavior changed according to the consumed volume and with time. A small mouthful weight leads to a large number of mouthfuls, thereby extending the mealtime. These findings may be helpful in assessing eating behaviors toward proposing a behavioral strategy to control meal durations and eating rates.

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“…However, as one interesting finding, the metabolic risks faced by participants who ate rapidly but not until feeling full were not lower than those of the participants who ate until feeling full but did not eat rapidly. Reports concerning the metabolic risk of rapid eating are extremely rare (5,6) . People who eat rapidly may overeat before the signals of fullness are recognized by the satiety centre of the brain (7)(8)(9) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating until feeling full and rapid eating both increase metabolic risk factors in Japanese men and women

Hsieh

Muto

Tsuji

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To investigate the association between eating behaviour and metabolic risk in the broader population. Design: The association between metabolic risk factors (overweight, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, low HDL cholesterol, hyperuricaemia and fatty liver) and various eating behaviours were compared for four groups defined by subjective reporting: not eating until feeling full and not eating rapidly (G1); eating until feeling full only (G2); eating rapidly only (G3); and eating both rapidly and until feeling full (G4). Setting: A medical centre for health examinations in Tokyo, Japan. Subjects: Men (n 8240) and women (n 2955) who underwent health examinations. Results: The distribution of participants in G1 to G4 was 49?8 %, 11?5 %, 26?3 % and 12?4 % among men and 55?3 %, 15?0 %, 19?0 % and 10?7 % among women, respectively. Compared with G1, the age-adjusted OR (95 % CI) for overweight were significantly higher in G2 to G4, being respectively 1?85 (1?58, 2?17), 1?98 (1?76, 2?23) and 3?46 (2?99, 4?01) for men and 2?20 (1?62, 2?97), 2?59 (1?97, 3?39) and 3?12 (2?27, 4?26) for women. The age-adjusted OR were also significantly higher for hypertriacylglycerolaemia, hyperuricaemia and fatty liver in G2 and for all risks in G3 and G4 among men; and for hyperuricaemia in G2, for hyperglycaemia, hypertriacylglycerolaemia and fatty liver in G3 and for hypertriacylglycerolaemia and fatty liver in G4 among women. Conclusions: Both eating until feeling full and eating rapidly increase metabolic risk factors. Although the mechanism between rapid eating and metabolic risk requires further exploration, eating slowly and ending meals shortly before feeling full are important public health messages for reducing metabolic risk factors.

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Rate of Eating and Body Weight in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes or Hyperlipidaemia

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

Impact of eating rate on obesity and cardiovascular risk factors according to glucose tolerance status: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry and the Hisayama Study

Impact of eating rate on obesity and cardiovascular risk factors according to glucose tolerance status: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry and the Hisayama Study

Oral feeding behavior during a whole meal

Eating until feeling full and rapid eating both increase metabolic risk factors in Japanese men and women

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