Rate of establishing the gut microbiota in infancy has consequences for future health

Dogra, Shaillay Kumar; Sakwińska, Olga; Soh, Shu‐E; Ngom-Bru, Catherine; Brück, Wolfram M.; Berger, Bernard; Brüssow, Harald; Karnani, Neerja; Lee, Yung Seng; Yap, Fabian; Chong, Yap Seng; Godfrey, Keith M.; Holbrook, Joanna D.

doi:10.1080/19490976.2015.1078051

Cited by 95 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Newborns have a domination of Proteobacteria (Escherichia, Shigella), which progresses to domination by Actinobacteria (e.g. Bifidobacterium), followed by acquisition of an adult-like domination by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes [9, 15, 16]. The maturation of the infant microbiome is driven primarily by cessation of breastfeeding.…”

Section: Early Life Bacterial Colonization Of the Human Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome and food allergy

Blázquez

Berin

2017

Translational Research

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Food allergy is a common disease affecting approximately 8% of children and 5% of adults. The prevalence has increased over the last two decades, suggesting an important environmental contribution to susceptibility. Studies have identified mode of birth, pet exposure, and having older siblings as being significant risk modifying factors in the development of food allergy. With the discovery that these factors significantly impact the composition of the intestinal microbiome, which is known to play a critical role in shaping the immune system, recent studies have begun to address the role of the intestinal microbiota in the development of food allergy. Studies in human cohorts support a dysbiosis in food allergy, and limited data suggest that this dysbiosis occurs early in life, preceding the onset of sensitization. Studies from animal models have clearly shown that the composition of the intestinal microbiota confers susceptibility to food allergy, and that there are organisms such as Clostridia species that are protective in the development of food allergy. Our understanding of microbial regulation of food allergy is in its nascency, but the state of the field supports an important contribution of intestinal microbes to susceptibility. Challenges going forward are to identify commensal-derived microorganisms that could be used therapeutically to prevent or perhaps treat food allergy.

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Section: Early Life Bacterial Colonization Of the Human Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome and food allergy

Blázquez

Berin

2017

Translational Research

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“…The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome is by far the largest in the body, containing more than 100 trillion microbes from over 1000 species . Highly dynamic, the GI microbiome rapidly matures from an Actinobacteria ‐dominated composition soon after birth into the adult microbiome comprising largely of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes , as well as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in lower proportions . Given the enormous variety of microbial species and high variability in microbiome composition between individuals, it is likely that different taxa in different individuals can fulfil similar roles in their interactions and metabolism, resulting in a common ‘functional microbiome’…”

Section: Introduction To the Microbiome—respiratory And Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiomes in respiratory health and disease: An Asia‐Pacific perspective

et al. 2017

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There is currently enormous interest in studying the role of the microbiome in health and disease. Microbiome's role is increasingly being applied to respiratory diseases, in particular COPD, asthma, cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. The changes in respiratory microbiomes that occur in these diseases and how they are modified by environmental challenges such as cigarette smoke, air pollution and infection are being elucidated. There is also emerging evidence that gut microbiomes play a role in lung diseases through the modulation of systemic immune responses and can be modified by diet and antibiotic treatment. There are issues that are particular to the Asia-Pacific region involving diet and prevalence of specific respiratory diseases. Each of these issues is further complicated by the effects of ageing. The challenges now are to elucidate the cause and effect relationships between changes in microbiomes and respiratory diseases and how to translate these into new treatments and clinical care. Here we review the current understanding and progression in these areas.

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“…In fact, the microbiome of infants born vaginally most closely resembles that of the mother’s vagina and feces 44 and is rich in beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis and Bacteroidetes 38 , 99 . In contrast, the microbiome of infants born via C-section is more similar to the hospital environment and to the mother’s skin (eg, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium spp.)…”

Section: Altered Microbiota Composition In Perinatal Period Neurodevmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intervention strategies for cesarean section–induced alterations in the microbiota-gut-brain axis

et al. 2017

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Microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract is an essential process that modulates host physiology and immunity. Recently, researchers have begun to understand how and when these microorganisms colonize the gut and the early-life factors that impact their natural ecological establishment. The vertical transmission of maternal microbes to the offspring is a critical factor for host immune and metabolic development. Increasing evidence also points to a role in the wiring of the gut-brain axis. This process may be altered by various factors such as mode of delivery, gestational age at birth, the use of antibiotics in early life, infant feeding, and hygiene practices. In fact, these early exposures that impact the intestinal microbiota have been associated with the development of diseases such as obesity, type 1 diabetes, asthma, allergies, and even neurodevelopmental disorders. The present review summarizes the impact of cesarean birth on the gut microbiome and the health status of the developing infant and discusses possible preventative and restorative strategies to compensate for early-life microbial perturbations.

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Rate of establishing the gut microbiota in infancy has consequences for future health

Abstract: (2015) Rate of establishing the gut microbiota in infancy has consequences for future health, Gut Microbes, 6:5, 321-325,

Cited by 95 publications

References 48 publications

Microbiome and food allergy

Microbiome and food allergy

Microbiomes in respiratory health and disease: An Asia‐Pacific perspective

Intervention strategies for cesarean section–induced alterations in the microbiota-gut-brain axis

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