Rate of hypobromite formation in chlorinated seawater

Bousher, A.; Brimblecombe, Peter; Midgley, Derek

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(86)90174-0

Cited by 51 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Similar results were also observed in chlorpyrifos transformation by FC in the presence of bromide (Duirk et al, 2008). In the presence of excessive FC, bromide would be oxidized to its active form (HOBr) with priority over DMT because the reaction rate constant for HOCl with bromide (k HOCl,Br = 7.2 Â 10 3 M À1 s À1 ) is approximately 10 times that for HOCl with DMT at 28°C (Bousher et al, 1986). The degradation rate of DMT by native bromine was also found to be far higher than by HOCl and was hardly determined by conventional methods.…”

Section: Effect Of Bromide Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 66%

Kinetics and mechanism of dimethoate chlorination during drinking water treatment

et al. 2014

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h i g h l i g h t sThe reaction of DMT with chlorine was of first-order in each reactant. The observed rate constant of DMT degradation was strongly pH dependent. Both bromide and humic acid promoted but ammonium inhibited the degradation of DMT. Three organic byproducts were detected in DMT degradation by chlorine. The toxicity of DMT solution obviously increased after chlorination. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Dimethoate (DMT), a commonly used organophosphorus pesticide, is of great concern because of its toxicity and potentially harmful effects on water sources. The elimination of DMT as well as the toxicity and persistence of the byproducts formed during DMT degradation is most important for the safety of drinking water. This study first determined the reaction kinetics of DMT with free chlorine (FC) under typical water treatment conditions. The reaction between DMT and FC proceeded rapidly, exhibiting first-order with respect to each reactant. The degradation of DMT by FC was highly pH dependent, and the pseudofirst-order rate constant decreased obviously from 0.13 to 0.02 s À1 with an increase in pH from 7.0 to 8.3. Bromide ion accelerated the reaction by acting as a catalyst, and the accelerated reaction rate was linearly proportional to the bromide concentration. As a ubiquitous component in natural waters, humic acid also increased the reaction rate. However, the presence of ammonium inhibited the degradation of DMT due to its rapid converting FC to chloramines. Omethoate (OMT) was identified as an important byproduct of DMT chlorination, but only accounted for ca. 28% of the DMT degraded; and other two organic byproducts were also identified. The acute toxicity of DMT solution increased after treatment with FC due to the formation of more toxic byproducts (e.g. OMT).

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Section: Effect Of Bromide Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 66%

Kinetics and mechanism of dimethoate chlorination during drinking water treatment

et al. 2014

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“…24 Except the obviously higher free bromine concentration detected in the sea lion tank, there was no signicant difference in the concentrations of free chlorine or free bromine between the O 3 /ClO 2 and O 3 treatment processes (p > 0.05), implying that the two secondary oxidants were primarily formed during ozonation. In particular, their concentrations detected in the fresh ASW tank were similar to those in the dolphin and white whale tanks because a relatively high O 3 dose (ca.…”

Section: Formation Of Secondary Oxidantsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Every month, about 20-25% of the seawater in the animal tanks is replaced by the fresh ASW. All animal tanks in Beijing Aquarium are indoor with seawater temperature maintained in the range of [20][21][22][23][24][25] C.…”

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confidence: 99%

Formation of disinfection byproducts in a recirculating mariculture system: emerging concerns

Qiang

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Disinfection is commonly employed in recirculating mariculture systems (RMS) to control animal diseases and improve seawater quality; however, little is known about the occurrence of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed in such RMS. Beijing Aquarium is a typical RMS with artificially prepared seawater and mainly adopts a decentralized treatment strategy for different animal tanks, including sand filtration, foam fractionation, and disinfection (O 3 , UV, and O 3 /ClO 2 ). This study reveals that the adopted disinfection processes were highly effective in controlling marine heterotrophic bacteria; however, some concerns were raised on the formation of various kinds of DBPs, including secondary oxidants, inorganic oxyanions, and hazardous organic species. Free chlorine and free bromine were generated from ozonation at health-relevant concentrations. High concentrations of Environmental impactRecirculating mariculture systems (RMS) have been widely employed in marine aquaria around the world. Hazardous disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed during the seawater treatment of RMS has been neglected for a long time. This study investigated the formation of various kinds of DBPs (i.e., secondary oxidants, inorganic oxyanions, and hazardous organic species) in animal tanks of a typical RMS, which raised serious concerns on the health threats of the detected DBPs to aquarium animals. To solve these problems, potential control measures for DBPs are proposed. This study provides useful and timely information to the mariculture industry regarding the occurrence and control of DBPs.

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“…In addition, FC can also react rapidly with Br − to produce FB (k 3 = 6.77 × 10 3 L/(mol·sec), Eq. (3)) (Bousher et al, 1986). Thus, the addition of ozone promoted the FB yield and ultimately increased the formation of Br-DBPs (Eqs.…”

Section: Formation Of I-thms and Hacamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and speciation of disinfection byproducts during chlor(am)ination of aquarium seawater

Zhang

Dong

Adams

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Rate of hypobromite formation in chlorinated seawater

Cited by 51 publications

References 6 publications

Kinetics and mechanism of dimethoate chlorination during drinking water treatment

Kinetics and mechanism of dimethoate chlorination during drinking water treatment

Formation of disinfection byproducts in a recirculating mariculture system: emerging concerns

Formation and speciation of disinfection byproducts during chlor(am)ination of aquarium seawater

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