Rate of movement of juvenile lemon sharks in a novel open field, are we measuring activity or reaction to novelty?

Finger, Jean Sebastien; Dhellemmes, Félicie; Guttridge, Tristan L.; Kurvers, Ralf H. J. M.; Gruber, Samuel H.; Krause, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.03.032

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Our results may indicate that differences in life history, or behavioural ecology, can result in varying levels of injury accumulations, as found in the Southern Leyte, Philippines aggregation 78 . Such differences are also known within other species of sharks, such as lemon sharks ( Negaprion brevirostris) 79 . Additionally, LIR analysis (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The impact of injury on apparent survival of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) in South Ari Atoll Marine Protected Area, Maldives

Harvey-Carroll

Stewart

Carroll

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is an endangered species with a declining global population. The South Ari Atoll Marine Protected Area (SAMPA), Maldives, is one of few locations globally where year-long residency of individuals occurs. This SAMPA aggregation appears to consist almost exclusively of immature males. Due to its year-round residency, this local aggregation is subjected to a high degree of tourism pressure. This ecotourism contributes to the high level of interest and protection offered to whale sharks by the local community. Unfortunately, if regulations are not followed or enforced, tourism can bring with it major stressors, such as accidental injuries. We used POPAN capture-mark-recapture models and lagged identification rate analysis to assess the effect of major injuries on whale shark residency within SAMPA. Injuries may be obtained outside SAMPA. We found individuals with major injuries had a higher apparent survival in the area than those without. Lagged identification rates also demonstrated that sharks with major injuries are more likely to return to the area. We suggest that major injuries result in sharks prolonging their time in the developmental habitat. These findings have implications for individual fitness and the population viability of this endangered species. We propose targeted conservation strategies be considered to protect sharks from further injury. Based on the presented spatio-temporal distributions of sharks, and current local knowledge of sighting patterns, speed limit zones and propeller-exclusion zones should be implemented and enforced. If carried out alongside tourist education, these measures will contribute to the protection of whale sharks within SAMPA and beyond. Furthermore, our results can aid research direction, alongside regulation and enforcement development, at similar sites worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The impact of injury on apparent survival of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) in South Ari Atoll Marine Protected Area, Maldives

Harvey-Carroll

Stewart

Carroll

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…4 Individual variation in the movement behavior of 35 African elephants. We highlight five individuals (elephant 4,8,17,20,36) to facilitate the interpretation of individual differences across hierarchical levels: a) Elephants differed in their average behavioral type for daily movement distance from individuals with a daily movement distance of 10 km (elephant 4) to 20 km (elephant 8) in January. Shaded areas indicate the posterior 95% credible interval of the population level daily movement distance for male (blue) and female (red) elephants, respectively.…”

Section: Components Of Individual Variation In the Movement Of Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental approaches have the big advantage of reducing bias of environmental variables which themselves create variation in behavior. In a second step individual variation in the experimental test is then linked to variation in natural behavior in the wild, including space use and movement behavior [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. For example, "aggressiveness" in sleepy lizards (Tiliqua rugosa) affected space use, in particular under limited food availability [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A guide for studying among-individual behavioral variation from movement data in the wild

et al. 2020

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Animal tracking and biologging devices record large amounts of data on individual movement behaviors in natural environments. In these data, movement ecologists often view unexplained variation around the mean as "noise" when studying patterns at the population level. In the field of behavioral ecology, however, focus has shifted from population means to the biological underpinnings of variation around means. Specifically, behavioral ecologists use repeated measures of individual behavior to partition behavioral variability into intrinsic among-individual variation and reversible behavioral plasticity and to quantify: a) individual variation in behavioral types (i.e. different average behavioral expression), b) individual variation in behavioral plasticity (i.e. different responsiveness of individuals to environmental gradients), c) individual variation in behavioral predictability (i.e. different residual within-individual variability of behavior around the mean), and d) correlations among these components and correlations in suites of behaviors, called 'behavioral syndromes'. We here suggest that partitioning behavioral variability in animal movements will further the integration of movement ecology with other fields of behavioral ecology. We provide a literature review illustrating that individual differences in movement behaviors are insightful for wildlife and conservation studies and give recommendations regarding the data required for addressing such questions. In the accompanying R tutorial we provide a guide to the statistical approaches quantifying the different aspects of among-individual variation. We use movement data from 35 African elephants and show that elephants differ in a) their average behavior for three common movement behaviors, b) the rate at which they adjusted movement over a temporal gradient, and c) their behavioral predictability (ranging from more to less predictable individuals). Finally, two of the three movement behaviors were correlated into a behavioral syndrome (d), with farther moving individuals having shorter mean residence times. Though not explicitly tested here, individual differences in movement and predictability can affect an individual's risk to be hunted or poached and could therefore open new avenues for conservation biologists to assess population viability. We hope that this review, tutorial, and worked example will encourage movement ecologists to examine the biology of individual variation in animal movements hidden behind the population mean.

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“…To find out if behaviour is consistently different among individuals, observations need to be repeated on the same individual. However, as an experiment progresses in time, the individuals may habituate to the situation (Finger et al 2016), which in turn may alter their behaviour and make them either converge or diverge in their performance, making repeatability estimates hard to interpret (Killen et al 2013;Biro and Stamps 2015)? And finally, how do we know that this lab-scored behaviour reflects behaviour under natural conditions, and hence is relevant to understanding ecology and evolution (Adriaenssens and Johnsson 2009;Bell et al 2009;Killen et al 2013)?…”

Section: Why All This Variation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying behavioural variation in salmonids from an ecological perspective: observations questions methodological considerations

Johnsson

Näslund

2018

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

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Rate of movement of juvenile lemon sharks in a novel open field, are we measuring activity or reaction to novelty?

Cited by 41 publications

References 64 publications

The impact of injury on apparent survival of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) in South Ari Atoll Marine Protected Area, Maldives

The impact of injury on apparent survival of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) in South Ari Atoll Marine Protected Area, Maldives

A guide for studying among-individual behavioral variation from movement data in the wild

Studying behavioural variation in salmonids from an ecological perspective: observations questions methodological considerations

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