Rate of Physical Activity and Community Health: Evidence From U.S. Counties

Sato, Mikihiro; Du, James; Inoue, Yuhei

doi:10.1123/jpah.2015-0399

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Some of these reviews have additionally concluded that the evidence is sufficiently robust to recommend incorporating built environment factors, including walkability, into urban design, transportation, and health planning [ 84 , 85 ]. However, this evidence base is largely derived using individual-level studies that measure walkability at micro-environmental spatial scales [ 28 ], which has raised concerns about its validity for population-level action [ 32 ]. Our results indicate that increasing macro-environmental walkability at the postal area level is positively associated with population-levels of sufficient walking to improve health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greater use of objective walkability indexes has demonstrably progressed our understanding of environment-behavior relations through a focusing of research and inference at increasingly finer spatial resolutions (see reviews [ 10 , 11 , 29 – 31 ]). However, this has contributed to an evidence base derived at geographic scales substantially smaller than those used for population health policy, planning, and intervention; assumes individual-level environment-behavior relations scale to populations; and raised concerns about the utility of micro-level evidence for macro-level health programming [ 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The contribution of area-level walkability to geographic variation in physical activity: a spatial analysis of 95,837 participants from the 45 and Up Study living in Sydney, Australia

Mayne

Morgan

Jalaludin

et al. 2017

Popul Health Metrics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundIndividual-level studies support a positive relation between walkable built environments and participation in moderate-intensity walking. However, the utility of this evidence for population-level planning is less clear as it is derived at much finer spatial scales than those used for regional programming. The aims of this study were to: evaluate if individual-level relations between walkability and walking to improve health manifest at population-level spatial scales; assess the specificity of area-level walkability for walking relative to other moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA); describe geographic variation in walking and other MVPA; and quantify the contribution of walkability to this variation.MethodsData on sufficient walking, sufficient MVPA, and high MVPA to improve health were analyzed for 95,837 Sydney respondents to the baseline survey of the 45 and Up Study between January 2006 and April 2010. We used conditional autoregressive models to create smoothed MVPA “disease maps” and assess relations between sufficient MVPA to improve health and area-level walkability adjusted for individual-level demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors, and area-level relative socioeconomic disadvantage.ResultsWithin-cohort prevalence of meeting recommendations for sufficient walking, sufficient MVPA, and high MVPA were 31.7 (95% CI 31.4–32.0), 69.4 (95% CI 69.1–69.7), and 56.1 (95% CI 55.8–56.4) percent. Prevalence of sufficient walking was increased by 1.20 (95% CrI 1.12–1.29) and 1.07 (95% CrI 1.01–1.13) for high and medium-high versus low walkability postal areas, and for sufficient MVPA by 1.05 (95% CrI 1.01–1.08) for high versus low walkability postal areas. Walkability was not related to high MVPA. Postal area walkability explained 65.8 and 47.4 percent of residual geographic variation in sufficient walking and sufficient MVPA not attributable to individual-level factors.ConclusionsWalkability is associated with area-level prevalence and geographic variation in sufficient walking and sufficient MVPA to improve health in Sydney, Australia. Our study supports the use of walkability indexes at multiple spatial scales for informing population-level action to increase physical activity and the utility of spatial analysis for walkability research and planning.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of area-level walkability to geographic variation in physical activity: a spatial analysis of 95,837 participants from the 45 and Up Study living in Sydney, Australia

Mayne

Morgan

Jalaludin

et al. 2017

Popul Health Metrics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Much of this evidence comes from individual-level studies of participants and the micro (personal) and meso (neighbourhood) environments in which they live [ 21 , 30 ]. However, there is increasing interest in meso (area) environment walkability, its contributions to the distribution of health within populations, and how it may be used to inform population health programming at larger regional scales [ 8 , 23 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Walkability Contribute to Geographic Variation in Psychosocial Distress? A Spatial Analysis of 91,142 Members of the 45 and Up Study in Sydney, Australia

Mayne

Morgan

Jalaludin

et al. 2018

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Walkability describes the capacity of the built environment to promote walking, and has been proposed as a potential focus for community-level mental health planning. We evaluated this possibility by examining the contribution of area-level walkability to variation in psychosocial distress in a population cohort at spatial scales comparable to those used for regional planning in Sydney, Australia. Data on psychosocial distress were analysed for 91,142 respondents to the 45 and Up Study baseline survey between January 2006 and April 2009. We fit conditional auto regression models at the postal area level to obtain smoothed “disease maps” for psychosocial distress, and assess its association with area-level walkability after adjusting for individual- and area-level factors. Prevalence of psychosocial distress was 7.8%; similar for low (7.9%), low-medium (7.9%), medium-high (8.0%), and high (7.4%) walkability areas; and decreased with reducing postal area socioeconomic disadvantage: 12.2% (most), 9.3%, 7.5%, 5.9%, and 4.7% (least). Unadjusted disease maps indicated strong geographic clustering of psychosocial distress with 99.0% of excess prevalence due to unobserved and spatially structured factors, which was reduced to 55.3% in fully adjusted maps. Spatial and unstructured variance decreased by 97.3% and 39.8% after adjusting for individual-level factors, and another 2.3% and 4.2% with the inclusions of area-level factors. Excess prevalence of psychosocial distress in postal areas was attenuated in adjusted models but remained spatially structured. Postal area prevalence of high psychosocial distress is geographically clustered in Sydney, but is unrelated to postal area walkability. Area-level socioeconomic disadvantage makes a small contribution to this spatial structure; however, community-level mental health planning will likely deliver greatest benefits by focusing on individual-level contributors to disease burden and inequality associated with psychosocial distress.

show abstract

“…Murray et al (2019) suggested that when golf spectators were informed about the potential health benefits of golf spectatorship, they showed greater interest in participating in and spectating golf. Sato et al (2016a) stated that the pleasant aspect of physical activity is likely to bring about good feelings in life, which might be conducive to self-rated health and life satisfaction. To sum up, higher step counts may be associated with higher levels of health perception and life satisfaction as spectators with higher step counts are more conscious about their health outcomes.…”

Section: Spectator Services and Life Satisfactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sport Spectatorship and Health Benefits: A Case of a Japanese Professional Golf Tournament

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been well-argued that professional sport or mega sport events could serve as a catalyst for sport participation behaviors through direct and indirect trickle-down effects. However, there is limited research exploring the impact of spectator services during sport events on personal and collective well-being. Elaborating on the social-ecological model and the concept of market demand, this study attempted to fill the gap in the literature by measuring core product (player attraction, event attractiveness, and course characteristics) and peripheral spectator services (event services, event information, event amenity, and parking and transportation) of a professional golf tournament hosted in Japan and examining how these services factors would influence spectators' length of stay at a golf event, physical activity as measured by step counts, self-rated health, and life satisfaction. Following the administration of a questionnaire to spectators at a Japanese professional golf tournament (n = 306) and conducting confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses, research findings revealed that the tournament-related spectator services would have an influence on physical activity, which could in turn influence self-rated health and subsequently impact life satisfaction. That is, emphasizing the sense of accomplishment fulfilled in sport spectatorship is recommended for the well-being of the spectators. The findings of this study shed light on the significance of promoting golf spectatorship as an effective means to facilitate a healthy lifestyle and in the meantime provide golf event marketers with a unique, positive benefit through which their events can be promoted.

show abstract

Rate of Physical Activity and Community Health: Evidence From U.S. Counties

Abstract: In line with the social-ecological model, our findings provide the first evidence for the health benefits of county-level physical activity. Our results support extant research that has shown relationships between physical activity and individual-level, health-related outcomes.

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

The contribution of area-level walkability to geographic variation in physical activity: a spatial analysis of 95,837 participants from the 45 and Up Study living in Sydney, Australia

The contribution of area-level walkability to geographic variation in physical activity: a spatial analysis of 95,837 participants from the 45 and Up Study living in Sydney, Australia

Does Walkability Contribute to Geographic Variation in Psychosocial Distress? A Spatial Analysis of 91,142 Members of the 45 and Up Study in Sydney, Australia

Sport Spectatorship and Health Benefits: A Case of a Japanese Professional Golf Tournament

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About