Rate of the reduction of the iron oxides in red mud by hydrogen and converted gas

Research into recycling of nickel­cobalt­containing metallurgical wastes by the ecologically­safe technique of hydrogen reduction

“…Of practical interest is the heat treatment at 1273 K with achieving a degree of reduction of 99 %. This agrees well with the results of papers [10,11] whose authors under similar conditions attained the most effective indicators of reduction. Increasing the temperature of treatment from 1423 K to 1573 K is accompanied by a decrease in the degree of reduction of samples from 80 % to 61 %, respectively.…”

“…Atoms of Ni and Co have probably partially substituted the atoms of Fe in the oxides. The presence of alloying elements predetermined a more complex character of phase transitions than that in paper [10] (Fig. 3).…”

“…Authors of paper [10] investigated hydrogen reduction of iron oxides, which can be components of the scale of precision alloys. It was established that the full reduction of relatively small samples of Fe 2 O 3 to Fe at heating rate of 500 о С/h proceeds until reaching a temperature of 420 о С.…”

“…An analysis of the scientific literature that we conducted reveals the availability of significant results in the studies into processes of hydrogen reduction of Fe, Ni and Co using separately taken oxides as an example [8][9][10]. There are also achievements related to the non-alloyed iron-containing oxide technogenic waste [11].…”

“…First of all, it is development of technologies of multi-sensor ignition detection [7]. A part of these technologies has received the status of EN and ISO standards [8][9][10]. However, because of complexity and diversity of actual ignitions, while substantiating technologies of multi-sensor detection, the properties of major hazardous factors of ignition remain insufficiently studied.…”