Rate of Uptake of DDT from Soil by Earthworms

Edwards, C. A.; Jeffs, K. A.

doi:10.1038/247157a0

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It might seem unlikely that behaviour of worms influences the uptake and accumulation of chemicals. However, a fluctuating uptake pattern similar to that of tetra-and pentachlorobenzene in worms kept in Volgermeerpolder soil was observed for 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene [18] and DDT [6] in earthworms in natural soil. The uptake pattern could not be explained by kinetics, suggesting that behaviour of worms does have some influence on the accumulation.…”

Section: Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake, bioavailability and elimination of hydrophobic compounds in earthworms (Eisenia andrei) in field‐contaminated soil

Belfroid

Berg

Seinen

et al. 1995

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Uptake, accumulation, and elimination of hydrophobic organic chemicals in earthworms (Eisenia andrei) exposed to field‐contaminated Volgermeerpolder soil was studied Earthworms were able to take up chlorobenzenes and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), but body burdens did not exceed concentrations measured in the soil For the chlorobenzenes, steady state concentrations in the worms and biota to‐soil accumulation factor (BSAF) values were much smaller than expected based on earlier experiments, suggesting a decreased bioavailability in the Volgermeerpolder soil Comparison of the PCB accumulation pattern in worms to the pattern in soil showed that biotransformation of the studied PCBs is of minor importance in this species Elimination of all chemicals studied was monophasic, with the exception of hexachlorobenzene, which showed a biphasic elimination The elimination half life for the initial fast phase of this compound is comparable to the elimination measured in previous studies Elimination rate constants decreased with increasing log Kow

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Section: Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake, bioavailability and elimination of hydrophobic compounds in earthworms (Eisenia andrei) in field‐contaminated soil

Belfroid

Berg

Seinen

et al. 1995

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…However, this does not show how rapidly worms accumulate or metabolize insecticide residues or how rapidly they excrete them in soil without residues. Edwards and Jeffs (1974) studied the rate of uptake of DDT into L. terrestris in laboratory cultures, and reported that it took 9 wk for the worms to accumulate one ppm, which was the same amount as in the soil. At this time, the amounts in the worms were still increasing but two-thirds had been degraded.…”

Section: Uptake and Metabolism Of Chemicals By Earthwormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Toxic Chemicals on Earthworms

Edwards

Bohlen

1992

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

100

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“…Bray and Klebenow (1988) reported that earthworms represented the majority of the ibis diet on a Great Basin breeding ground (68% of volume and dry weight) with insect larvae (Libellulidae, Tabanidae, Lepidoptera) forming most of the remainder. Edwards and Jeffs (1974) reported that earthworms accumulated high burdens of organochlorine contaminants from the ingestion of contaminated soils. Furthermore, Callahan et al (1991) quantified uptake of DDT and DDE in earthworms placed in contaminated soil, and suggested that whole body concentrations could affect earthworm predators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wintering area DDE source to migratory white-faced ibis revealed by satellite telemetry and prey sampling

et al. 2009

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Locations of contaminant exposure for nesting migratory species are difficult to fully understand because of possible additional sources encountered during migration or on the wintering grounds. A portion of the migratory white-faced ibis (Plegadis chihi) nesting at Carson Lake, Nevada continues to be exposed to dichloro-diphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) with no change, which is unusual, observed in egg concentrations between 1985 and 2000. About 45 to 63% of the earliest nesting segment shows reduced reproductive success correlated with elevated egg concentrations of > 4 µg/g wet weight (ww). Local prey (primarily earthworms) near nests contained little DDE so we tracked the migration and wintering movements of 20 adult males during 2000-2004 to determine the possible source. At various wintering sites, we found a correlation (r 2 = 0.518, P = 0.0125, N = 11) between DDE in earthworm composites and DDE in blood plasma of white-faced ibis wintering there, although the plasma was collected on their breeding grounds soon after arrival. The main source of DDE was wintering areas in the Mexicali Valley of Baja California Norte, Mexico, and probably the adjacent Imperial Valley, California, USA. This unusual continuing DDE problem for white-face ibis is associated with: the long-term persistence in soil of DDE; the earthworms' ability to bioconcentrate DDE from soil; the proclivity of white-faced ibis to feed on earthworms in agricultural fields; the species extreme sensitivity to DDE in their eggs; and perhaps its life history strategy of being a "capital breeder". We suggest surveying and sampling white-faced ibis eggs at nesting colonies, especially at Carson Lake, to monitor the continuing influence of DDE.

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Rate of Uptake of DDT from Soil by Earthworms

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Uptake, bioavailability and elimination of hydrophobic compounds in earthworms (Eisenia andrei) in field‐contaminated soil

Uptake, bioavailability and elimination of hydrophobic compounds in earthworms (Eisenia andrei) in field‐contaminated soil

The Effects of Toxic Chemicals on Earthworms

Wintering area DDE source to migratory white-faced ibis revealed by satellite telemetry and prey sampling

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