Rates and predictors of colorectal cancer screening by race among motivated men participating in a prostate cancer risk assessment program

Hall, Michael J.; Ruth, Karen; Giri, Veda N.

doi:10.1002/cncr.26315

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…One plausible explanation for lower follow‐through among NHB men is differential access to health care services among men aged <65 years—before Medicare eligibility. African Americans have lower use of cancer screening services and higher tumor stage at presentation for multiple cancer sites, including prostate . It has been demonstrated that poor health care access contributes to a delay in diagnosis and higher stage at diagnosis; and modifiable risk factors, such as screening practices and sociodemographic factors, may account for as much as 60% of racial differences in PCa stage at diagnosis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between race and follow‐up diagnostic care after a positive prostate cancer screening test in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian cancer screening trial

Barocas

Grubb

Black

et al. 2013

Cancer

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BACKGROUND: Follow-through of a positive screening test is necessary to reap the potential benefits of cancer screening. Racial variation in follow-through diagnostic care may underlie a proportion of the known disparity in prostate cancer mortality. The authors used data from the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial to determine whether race is associated with the use of follow-up diagnostic testing after a positive initial screening evaluation. METHODS: Men who had a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level >4 ng/mL at any time during the study were included. The proportion of men who underwent follow-up evaluation with a repeat PSA, a prostate biopsy, or either test within 9 months was determined, and the authors tested for differences in follow-through according to race using mixed-effects multivariate models with a random effect for accrual site to account for clustering. Models were stratified according to age (<65 years and 65 years). RESULTS: Among 6294 men who had a PSA elevation during the study period, 70% underwent a repeat PSA or prostate biopsy within 9 months. Non-Hispanic black men aged <65 years had 45% lower odds of undergoing a repeat PSA test or prostate biopsy compared with non-Hispanic white men (odds ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.37-0.82), whereas there was no racial difference in follow-through among older men. CONCLUSIONS: The current results suggest that limitations in access to care among non-Hispanic black men under the age of Medicare eligibility may underlie the paradoxically low use of follow-through diagnostic care among non-Hispanic black men in the United States. Cancer 2013;119:2223-9.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between race and follow‐up diagnostic care after a positive prostate cancer screening test in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian cancer screening trial

Barocas

Grubb

Black

et al. 2013

Cancer

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“…Poisson regression was used to compare adjusted incidence rates (aIRR) between recipients and candidates and to test for interaction by racial/ethnic group. racial/ethnic differences in baseline risk are varied and are posited to include differences in exposures, diet, health conditions, lifestyle, genetics and screening rates (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). In addition, cancer risk factors might have different effects across groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hispanics have increased risk for cancers of the cervix, liver, gall bladder and stomach, and for acute lymphocytic leukemia, and decreased risk for cancers of the lung, colorectum, prostate and breast compared to whites (14). Many factors contribute to these differences, including differing environmental exposures, diets, occupations, health behaviors, genetics, socioeconomic status, access to health care and cancer screening behaviors (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Cancer Risk After Kidney Transplantation

Hall

Segev²,

Engels

2013

American Journal of Transplantation

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Transplant recipients have elevated cancer risk, but it is unknown if cancer risk differs across race and ethnicity as in the general population. U.S. kidney recipients (N=87,895) in the Transplant Cancer Match Study between 1992 and 2008 were evaluated for racial/ethnic differences in risk for six common cancers after transplantation. Compared to white recipients, black recipients had lower incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 0.60, p<0.001) and higher incidence of kidney (aIRR 2.09, p<0.001) and prostate cancer (aIRR 2.14, p<0.001); Hispanic recipients had lower incidence of NHL (aIRR 0.64, p=0.001), and lung (aIRR 0.41, p<0.001), breast (aIRR 0.53, p=0.003) and prostate cancer (aIRR 0.72, p=0.05). Colorectal cancer incidence was similar across groups. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) measured the effect of transplantation on cancer risk and were similar for most cancers (p≥0.1). However, black and Hispanic recipients had larger increases in kidney cancer risk with transplantation (SIRs: 8.96 in blacks, 5.95 in Hispanics vs. 4.44 in whites), and only blacks had elevated prostate cancer risk following transplantation (SIR: 1.21). Racial/ethnic differences in cancer risk after transplantation mirror general population patterns, except for kidney and prostate cancers where differences reflect the effects of end-stage renal disease or transplantation.

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“…First, because our study population is predominantly white and well-educated, our results may not be generalizable to minority populations or those with less education. Several studies have demonstrated differences in compliance with follow-up screening and procedures among people of different ethnic and racial backgrounds (54, 55). Therefore, the association between colonoscopy and advanced adenomas may be attenuated in groups who have lower compliance with recommendations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorectal Endoscopy, Advanced Adenomas, and Sessile Serrated Polyps: Implications for Proximal Colon Cancer

Burnett‐Hartman

Newcomb

Phipps

et al. 2012

American Journal of Gastroenterology

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OBJECTIVES Colonoscopy is associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer but may be more effective in reducing the risk of distal than proximal malignancies. To gain insight into the differences between proximal and distal colon endoscopic performance, we conducted a case-control study of advanced adenomas, the primary targets of colorectal endoscopy screening, and sessile serrated polyps (SSPs), newly recognized precursor lesions for a colorectal cancer subset that occurs most often in the proximal colon. METHODS The Group Health-based study population included: 213 advanced adenoma cases, 172 SSP cases, and 1,704 controls ages 50–79, who received an index colonoscopy from 1998–2007. All participants completed a structured questionnaire covering endoscopy history. Participants with polyps underwent a standard pathology review to confirm the diagnosis and reclassify a subset as advanced adenomas or SSPs. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between endoscopy and advanced adenomas and SSPs separately; site-specific analyses were completed. RESULTS Previous endoscopy was associated with decreased risk of advanced adenomas in both the rectum/distal colon (OR=0.38; 95% CI: 0.26–0.56) and proximal colon (OR=0.31; 95% CI: 0.19–0.52), but there was no statistically significant association between prior endoscopy and SSPs (OR=0.80; 95%CI: 0.56–1.13). CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that the effect of endoscopy differs between advanced adenomas and SSPs. This may have implications for proximal colon cancer prevention and be due to the failure of endoscopy to detect/remove SSPs, or the hypothesized rapid development of SSPs.

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Rates and predictors of colorectal cancer screening by race among motivated men participating in a prostate cancer risk assessment program

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

Association between race and follow‐up diagnostic care after a positive prostate cancer screening test in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian cancer screening trial

Association between race and follow‐up diagnostic care after a positive prostate cancer screening test in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian cancer screening trial

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Cancer Risk After Kidney Transplantation

Colorectal Endoscopy, Advanced Adenomas, and Sessile Serrated Polyps: Implications for Proximal Colon Cancer

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