Rates of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders among adolescents in a large metropolitan area

Abstract

We present prevalence data for adolescents in a large metropolitan area in the US and the association of DSM-IV diagnoses to functional impairment and selected demographic correlates. We sampled 4175 youths aged 11-17 years from households enrolled in large health maintenance organizations. Data were collected using questionnaires and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Version IV (DISC-IV). Impairment was measured using the Child Global Assessment Scale and diagnostic specific impairment in the DISC-IV. 17.1% of the sample met DSM-IV criteria for one or more disorders in the past year; 11% when only DISC impairment was considered and 5.3% only using the CGAS. The most prevalent disorders were anxiety (6.9%), disruptive (6.5%), and substance use (5.3%) disorders. The most prevalent specific disorders were agoraphobia, conduct and marijuana abuse/dependence, then alcohol use and oppositional defiant disorder. Younger youths and females had lower odds for any disorder, as did youths from two parent homes. There was increased odds associated with lower family income. Females had greater odds of mood and anxiety disorders, males of disruptive and substance use disorders. There were greater odds of mood and disruptive disorders for older youths. Prevalences were highly comparable to recent studies using similar methods in diverse non-metropolitan populations. We found associations with age, gender, and to a lesser extent, socioeconomic status reported in previous studies. The inclusion of both diagnosis-specific impairment and global impairment reduced prevalence rates significantly. Our results suggest commonality of prevalences and associated factors in diverse study settings, including urban and rural areas.

Prevalência de transtornos mentais entre crianças e adolescentes e fatores associados: uma revisão sistemática

“…Na nossa revisão, encontramos estudos que mostraram uma associação entre sexo masculino e TDAH 35 , transtorno de conduta 28,33 e também por uso de substâncias 15,28 . A associação entre o sexo masculino e TDAH tem sido ressaltada por alguns estudos populacionais devido à diferença da proporção entre os sexos masculino e feminino.…”

“…Porém, a adoção atualmente tem sido definida como um fator de proteção para reduzir a presença de patologias psiquiátricas transmitidas geneticamente e que podem sofrer influência do ambiente externo 81 . Ainda de acordo com o estudo de Roberts et al 33 , viver com ambos os pais é um fator protetivo contra a ocorrência de qualquer transtorno mental. Do mesmo modo, Baptista et al 82 afirmam que a estrutura e o apoio familiar ate nuam os efeitos dos eventos cotidianos estressantes, ou seja, pode prevenir o surgimento de algum distúrbio psicológi-co/psiquiátrico.…”

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Patient Health Questionnaire for School-Based Depression Screening Among Chinese Adolescents

“…[1][2][3][4][5] MDD increases the risk of suicide, substance abuse, poor academic performance, and poor social function in adolescents. 6,7 Although MDD leads to negative outcomes, fewer than half of adolescents with MDD receive mental health services.…”