Rates of inbreeding and genetic adaptation for populations managed as herds in zoos with a rotational mating system or with optimized contribution of parents

Mucha, Sebastian; Komen, Hans

doi:10.1111/jbg.12188

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, if unknown parentage will continue to be perpetuated, a commitment to resolving future pedigrees will be necessary. If such a commitment is lacking, the most appropriate response might be to implement a less rigorous management strategy that does not rely on kinships (e.g., regular rotations to limit inbreeding; Crow & Kimura ; Princee ; Mucha & Komen ; Wright ) rather than investing in molecular work that will fail to have lasting impacts. That is not to say however, that some amount of ongoing molecular work is never warranted.…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of molecular data in zoo and aquarium collection management: Benefits, challenges, and best practices

2018

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The global zoo and aquarium community widely recognizes that its animal collections and cooperative breeding programs are facing a sustainability crisis. It has become commonly accepted that numerous priority species cannot be maintained unless new management strategies are adopted. While molecular data have the potential to greatly improve management across a range of scenarios, they have been generally underutilized by the zoo and aquarium community. This failure to effectively apply molecular data to collection management has been due, in part, to a paucity of resources within the community on which to base informed decisions about when the use of such data is appropriate and what steps are necessary to successfully integrate data into management. Here, we identify three broad areas of inquiry where molecular data can inform management: 1) taxonomic identification; 2) incomplete or unknown pedigrees; and 3) hereditary disease. Across these topics, we offer a discussion of the advantages, limitations, and considerations for applying molecular data to ex situ animal populations in a style accessible to zoo and aquarium professionals. Ultimately, we intend for this compiled information to serve as a resource for the community to help ensure that molecular projects directly and effectively benefit the long-term persistence of ex situ populations.

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Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of molecular data in zoo and aquarium collection management: Benefits, challenges, and best practices

2018

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“…A particular advantage of breeding circles is that they are relatively easy to implement. There is no need for a pedigree, the only important thing to know for each animal is the flock of birth (Mucha & Komen, ). Furthermore, each flock owner only needs to arrange exchange with its donor flock and its recipient flock, and the circle can be designed so that geographical distance between donor and recipient flocks is minimised (Windig & Kaal, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simulation program used here can be easily adapted for such a system of exchange. Further aspects that may be explored are combinations of breeding circles with other conservation schemes such as using semen stored in gene banks (Colleau & Avon, ) and optimal contribution schemes (Meuwissen, ; Mucha & Komen, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They concluded that breeding circles are effective in reducing inbreeding rates in the long run and especially if not more than six large sub‐populations are involved. Computer simulations confirmed the effectiveness of breeding circles (Mucha & Komen, ), although no direct comparison has been made between results from mathematical calculations and computer simulations. Computer simulations showed that breeding circles are also effective in populations with overlapping generations and unequal sub‐population sizes (Windig & Kaal, ) and in the presence of selection (Windig, Eding, Moll, & Kaal, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing inbreeding rates with a breeding circle: Theory and practice in Veluws Heideschaap

Windig

Verweij

Oldenbroek

2018

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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Breeding circles allow genetic management in closed populations without pedigrees. In a breeding circle, breeding is split over sub‐populations. Each sub‐population receives breeding males from a single sub‐population and supplies breeding males to one other sub‐population. Donor‐recipient combinations of sub‐populations remain the same over time. Here, we derive inbreeding levels both mathematically and by computer simulation and compare them to actual inbreeding rates derived from DNA information in a real sheep population. In Veluws Heideschaap, a breeding circle has been in operation for over 30 years. Mathematically, starting with inbreeding levels and kinships set to zero, inbreeding rates per generation (ΔF) initially were 0.29%–0.47% within flocks but later converged to 0.18% in all flocks. When, more realistically, inbreeding levels at the start were high and kinship between flocks low, inbreeding levels immediately dropped to the kinship levels between flocks and rates more gradually converged to 0.18%. In computer simulations with overlapping generations, inbreeding levels and rates followed the same pattern, but converged to a lower ΔF of 0.12%. ΔF was determined in the real population with a 12 K SNP chip in recent generations. ΔF in the real population was 0.29%, based on markers to 0.41% per generation based on heterozygosity levels. This is two to three times the theoretically derived values. These increased rates in the real population are probably due to selection and/or the presence of dominant rams siring a disproportionate number of offspring. When these were simulated, ΔF agreed better: 0.35% for selection, 0.38% for dominant rams and 0.67% for both together. The realized inbreeding rates are a warning that in a real population inbreeding rates in a breeding circle can be higher than theoretically expected due to selection and dominant rams. Without a breeding circle, however, inbreeding rates would have been even higher.

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“…The similar technique is used in many situations nowadays (e.g. [9]). Suppose g i gametes are sampled from subpopulation i to obtain a hypothetical gamete pool with g T total gametes, so that the genetic contribution of subpopulation i is c i =g i /g T and…”

Section: Population Genetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Preservation of Genetic Diversity of the Asian Native Goats

Honda¹

2017

AVS

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Using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the relative importance of 10 subpopulations of Asian native goats in preserving genetic diversity was investigated. Analysis of prioritizing by removal of subpopulations identified the subpopulations of Mongolia (MGL), Myanmar (MYA), Cambodian plains (CAM_P), India (IND), and Philippine (PHI) as genetically important subpopulations because their removal resulted in a 6.38% reduction of expected heterozygosity. The removal of the remaining five subpopulations resulted in a 1.45% increase. Likewise, analysis using the core set method identified five subpopulations (MGL, MYA, CAM_P, IND, and PHI) as genetically important subpopulations. Among these five subpopulations, the IND was most important because of low molecular coancestry within itself and between the other subpopulations. The subpopulations of Cambodian mountainous (CAM_M) and Vietnam (VIE) were also considered to be important in this analysis. Based on these two investigations, we concluded that MGL, MYA, CAM_P, IND, and PHI are essential, and that CAM_M and VIE are worth preserving.

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Rates of inbreeding and genetic adaptation for populations managed as herds in zoos with a rotational mating system or with optimized contribution of parents

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Use of molecular data in zoo and aquarium collection management: Benefits, challenges, and best practices

Use of molecular data in zoo and aquarium collection management: Benefits, challenges, and best practices

Reducing inbreeding rates with a breeding circle: Theory and practice in Veluws Heideschaap

Preservation of Genetic Diversity of the Asian Native Goats

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