Rates of motor seizure development in rats subjected to electrical brain stimulation: strain and inter-stimulation interval effects

Racine, R.; Burnham, W. McIntyre; Gartner, John G.; Levitan, Déborah

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(73)90033-3

Cited by 170 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…Amygdala kindling acquisition is faster for Sprague-Dawley than Wistar or Fischer rats (Loscher, et al, 1998;Racine, et al, 1973). Consequently, we anticipated that electroconvulsive seizure thresholds would be lowest for Sprague-Dawley rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rat strain and age alter outcome in kindling and chemoconvulsant seizure models (Loscher, et al, 1998;Racine, et al, 1973); however, strain or age effects on electroconvulsive seizure testing are not well defined. Mouse strain influences electroconvulsive seizure thresholds (Frankel, et al, 2001), but data in rats are lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We compared adolescent and adult electroconvulsive seizure thresholds for Sprague-Dawley, Wistar, and Fischer rats. Based on strain and age effects on amygdala kindling (Loscher, et al, 1998;Racine, et al, 1973) and chemoconvulsant sensitivity (Golden, et al, 1995), we hypothesized that electroconvulsive seizure thresholds would be lower for Sprague-Dawley vs. Wistar or Fischer rats, as well as increase with age in a strain-specific manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain and age affect electroconvulsive seizure testing in rats

2008

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SummaryElectroconvulsive seizure thresholds were compared between adolescent and mature SpragueDawley, Wistar, and Fischer rats. All strains had similar hindbrain or forebrain seizure thresholds as adolescents. As adults, hindbrain or forebrain seizure thresholds were highest for Sprague-Dawley and lowest for Fischer rats. Conversely, limbic seizure thresholds during adolescence were highest for Fischer rats. Additional study is needed to better delineate strain and maturational effects on electroconvulsive seizure testing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain and age affect electroconvulsive seizure testing in rats

2008

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“…14 Kindling can be achieved with different interstimuli intervals in the range between 30 min and 7 days. 12,15 It is possible to develop rapid kindling by increasing the duration of stimulus trains at shorter intervals, but this kindled state is usually transitory. 8 …”

Section: The Kindling Model Of Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraventricular and Intracerebral Delivery of Anti-epileptic Drugs in the Kindling Model

Barcia

Gallego

2009

Neurotherapeutics

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Summary:A means to avoid the pharmacokinetic problems affecting the anti-epileptic drugs may be their direct intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intracerebral delivery. This approach may achieve a greater drug concentration at the epileptogenic area while minimizing it in other brain or systemic areas, and thus it could be an interesting therapeutic alternative in drug-resistant epilepsies. The objective of this article is to review a series of experiments, ranging from actute ICV injection to continuous intracerebral infusion of anti-epileptic drugs or grafting of neurotransmitter producing cells, in experimental models, especially in the kindling model of epilepsy in the rat.Acute ICV injection of phenytoin, phenobarbital or carbamacepine is able to diminish the intensity of kindling seizures, but it is also associated with a high neurologic toxicity, especially phenobarbital. Continuous ICV infusion of anti-epileptic drugs can effectively control seizures, but neurologic toxicity is not improved compared with systemic delivery. However, systemic toxicity may be improved, as in the case of valproic acid, whose continuous ICV infusion results in very low plasmatic or hepatic drug concentrations. Continuous intracerebral infusion at the epileptogenic area was studied as an alternative to minimize neurologic toxicity. Thus, intra-amygdalar infusion of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) controls seizures with minimal neurotoxicity in amygdala-kindled rats. Similarly, continuous infusion of GABA into the dorsomedian nucleus of the thalamus improves seizure spread, while not affecting the local epileptogenic activity at the amygdala. Grafting of GABA releasing cells may reduce kindling parameter severity without behavioral side effects.We may conclude that ICV or intracerebral delivery of antiepileptic drugs or neurotransmitters may be a useful technique to modulate epilepsy.

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“…The results were attributed to deficiency in the albino rat's ability to degrade pentobarbital (Creel et aI., 1974). Payan and Conard (1973) reported differences in cobalt epilepsy among strains; Racine, Burnham, Gartner, and Levitan (1973) found strain differences in development of seizure activity in rats subjected to electrical brain stimulation. To date, little research has been conducted regarding strain differences and drugs that inhibit or facilitate PhAD.…”

Section: Strain Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%