Rating of perceived effort but relative to what? A comparison between imposed and self-selected anchors

Malleron, Tomer; Har-Nir, Itai; Vigotsky, Andrew D.; Halperin, Israel

doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102396

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Such past experience would be associated not only with the strong muscular solicitation that our participants experienced during the knee extensor TTF, but also with strong respiratory solicitations as it is classically the case during whole-body exercise. This complements the recent study of Malleron et al (2023) reporting a large difference in perceived effort ratings when participants are free to select the reference for their maximal anchor compared to an imposed maximal anchor related to the performance task of interest. As effort is related to a specific goal, effort is therefore task specific (Bergevin et al 2023;Pageaux 2016;Halperin and Vigotsky 2023).…”

Section: No Clear Effect Of the Combined Training On The Perception O...supporting

confidence: 66%

Enhancing endurance performance with combined imagined and actual physical practice

Souron,

Pageaux,

Grosboillot

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Endurance sports require the sustained maintenance of high effort until the point of task failure. Psychological factors, particularly the perception of effort, exert considerable influence in determining task failure. Training interventions that blend physical and cognitive tasks yielded promising results in enhancing endurance performance. Motor imagery stands out as a method capable of modulating the perception of effort. However, the precise extent to which combining motor imagery and physical training can improve endurance performance remains to be understood. In a pre-post training design, this study aimed to investigate the impact of combining motor imagery with physical training on endurance performance, compared to physical training alone. Two groups of participants were constituted (motor imagery: n = 16; control: n = 17). Both groups performed physical exercises (i.e. isometric wall squat of incremental duration, with 12 training sessions over a period of 14 days), with participants from the motor imagery group also performing motor imagery sessions. Each participant visited the laboratory for experimental procedures twice before and twice after training, during which we assessed endurance performance through a sustained submaximal isometric contraction of the right knee extensors performed until task failure (time to task failure, TTF) at either 20 or 40% of the maximal voluntary contraction. Perceptions of effort and muscle pain were measured regularly during the endurance exercise. We reported no changes in endurance performance for the control group. Endurance performance in the motor imagery group exhibited significant improvements when the intensity of the sustained isometric TTF test closely matched that used in training (i.e. 20% of MVC). However, these enhancements were less pronounced when considering higher exercise intensities (i.e. 40% of MVC). No reduction in perception of effort was observed in both groups. There was a noticeable decrease in muscle pain perception within the motor imagery group following the training. Overall, combining motor imagery and physical training may thus offer a promising avenue for enhancing endurance performance and managing pain in various contexts, from sports to clinical rehabilitation.

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Section: No Clear Effect Of the Combined Training On The Perception O...supporting

confidence: 66%

Enhancing endurance performance with combined imagined and actual physical practice

Souron,

Pageaux,

Grosboillot

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Perceived recovery was defined as “the sense of overall physical and psychological recovery following exercise” (Laurent et al., 2011). Participants were instructed to report their perceptual responses relative to a self‐selected memory anchor, where the upper limit of scales represented the greatest level of exertion, limb discomfort, breathing difficulty, or recovery they have experienced during (or shortly following) any task (Malleron et al., 2023).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous blood flow restriction during repeated‐sprint exercise increases peripheral but not systemic physiological and perceptual demands

Mckee,

Girard,

Peiffer

et al. 2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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This study examined the impact of continuous blood flow restriction (BFR) during repeated‐sprint exercise (RSE) on acute performance, peripheral, systemic physiological, and perceptual responses. In a randomized crossover design, 26 adult male semi‐professional and amateur team‐sport players completed two RSE sessions (3 sets of 5 × 5‐s sprints with 25 s of passive recovery and 3 min of rest) with continuous BFR (45% arterial occlusion; excluding during between‐set rest periods) or without (non‐BFR). Mean and peak power output were significantly lower (p < 0.001) during BFR compared to non‐BFR (dz = 0.85 and 0.77, respectively). Minimum tissue saturation index during the sprints and rest periods was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) for BFR (dz = 1.26 and 1.21, respectively). Electromyography root mean square was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) for biceps femoris and lateral gastrocnemius muscles during BFR (dz = 0.35 and 0.79, respectively), but remained unchanged for the vastus lateralis muscle in both conditions. Oxygen consumption and minute ventilation were significantly reduced (both p < 0.01) for BFR (dz = 1.46 and 0.43, respectively). Perceived limb discomfort was significantly higher (p < 0.001) for BFR (dz = 0.78). No differences (p > 0.05) in blood lactate concentration or rating of perceived exertion were observed between conditions. Blood flow‐restricted RSE reduced performance and likely increased the physiological and perceptual stimulus for the periphery with greater reliance on anaerobic glycolysis, despite comparable or decreased systemic demands.

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“…However, it requires maximal relative effort since the person exerts their maximal effort in performing the action. Should the same protocol be applied with larger muscle groups, like the quadriceps, it would require higher absolute effort, while the relative effort would remain maximal (e.g., [77]). This example highlights how absolute and relative effort can lead to different research questions and conclusions.…”

Section: Absolute and Relative Effort In Different Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While measurements of PE and effort tend to be associated [92][93][94], several factors can modify these associations [77,[95][96][97]. Notwithstanding these relationships, it is important to clarify early on that our rationale for this PE definition is not based on the assumption that PE reflects effort.…”

Section: Developing a Definition Of Pementioning

confidence: 99%

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An Integrated Perspective of Effort and Perception of Effort

Halperin,

Vigotsky

2024

Sports Med

Self Cite

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Effort and the perception of effort (PE) have been extensively studied across disciplines, resulting in multiple definitions. These inconsistencies block scientific progress by impeding effective communication between and within fields. Here, we present an integrated perspective of effort and PE that is applicable to both physical and cognitive activities. We define effort as the energy utilized to perform an action. This definition can be applied to biological entities performing various voluntary or involuntary activities, irrespective of whether the effort contributes to goal achievement. Then, we define PE as the instantaneous experience of utilizing energy to perform an action. This definition builds on that of effort without conflating it with other subjective experiences. We explore the nature of effort and PE as constructs and variables and highlight key considerations in their measurement. Our integrated perspective aims to facilitate a deeper understanding of these constructs, refine research methodologies, and promote interdisciplinary collaborations.

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Rating of perceived effort but relative to what? A comparison between imposed and self-selected anchors

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Enhancing endurance performance with combined imagined and actual physical practice

Enhancing endurance performance with combined imagined and actual physical practice

Continuous blood flow restriction during repeated‐sprint exercise increases peripheral but not systemic physiological and perceptual demands

An Integrated Perspective of Effort and Perception of Effort

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