Ratio of Dietary n-6/n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Independently Related to Muscle Mass Decline in Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract

Backgroundn-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) might be useful nutritional strategy for treating patients with sarcopenia. We evaluated the effect of the intake of dietary n-3 PUFAs on the skeletal muscle mass (SMM), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), and its determinants in patients receiving standard hemodialysis (HD) treatment for the management of end stage renal disease.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, data of 111 HD patients were analyzed. Anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance measurements used to estimate the muscle mass were performed the day of dialysis immediately after the dialysis session. Routine laboratory and 3-day dietary data were also collected. The cutoff value of adequate intake (AI) for both n-3 PUFAs and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) was 1.6 g/day and 1.1 g/day for men and women, respectively.ResultsThe mean age, mean dietary n-3 PUFAs intake, ALA intake, ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs intake, SMM, and ASM of patients were 61.4 ± 10.4 years, 2.0 ± 1.3 g/day, 1.5 ± 1.0 g/day, 9.5 ± 6.7 g/day, 23.9 ± 5.5 kg, and 17.5 ± 4.5 kg, respectively. A higher SMM and ASM significantly observed in patients who achieved an AI of n-3 PUFAs. Similar trends appeared to be observed among those patients who achieved the AI of ALA, but the difference was not significantly, except for ASM (P = 0.047). No relevant differences in demographics, laboratory and nutritional parameters were observed, regardless of whether the patients achieved an AI of n-3 PUFAs. Multivariate analysis showed that the BMI and equilibrated Kt/V were independent determinants of the muscle mass. Moreover, the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs was an independent risk determinant of reduced ASM in HD patients.ConclusionPatients with an AI of n-3 PUFAs had better total-body SMM and ASM. A higher dietary ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs seemed to be associated with a reduced muscle mass in HD patients.

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Attenuate Fibroblast Activation and Kidney Fibrosis Involving MTORC2 Signaling Suppression

“…Unfortunately, this ratio has been changed to 1:20 over the past 150 years due to the less n-3 and excess n-6 PUFAs in our modern diets78. Regarding the critical role for n-3 PUFAs in regulating organ development and function, the deficiency of n-3 PUFAs and the low n-3/n-6 ratio are detrimental for the healthy in human beings910111213.…”

Inadequate dietary energy intake associates with higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in different groups of hemodialysis patients: a clinical observational study in multiple dialysis centers

“…The information regarding age, gender, hemodialysis vintage, comorbidities calculated using the Charlson comorbidity index [ 33 ], history of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), body mass index, BMI (kg/m 2 ), pre-dialysis systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were also assessed using medical records. The waist circumference (WC), body fat mass (FM) were assessed using the bio-electrical impedance analysis device (InBody S10, Biospace, Seoul, Korea), the detailed procedure was described elsewhere [ 34 ]. Elevated body fat mass was defined as FM ≥ 25% for men, FM ≥ 30% for women, respectively [ 35 ].…”

Reduced dietary omega-3 fatty acids intake is associated with sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study of KAMOGAWA-DM cohort study

“…We demonstrated that reduced dietary omega-3 fatty acids intake was associated with the presence of sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Although several studies showed that some fatty acids such as omega-3 fatty acids or maslinic acid intake was associated with muscle strength and muscle mass in healthy elderly people, (8,9,(12)(13)(14)(15)31) to our knowledge, the present study is the first survey to identify the association between omega-3 fatty acids intake and sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.…”

“…(10,11) Omega-3 fatty acids supple-mentation increased muscle mass and strength in elderly healthy individuals. (12,13) While several previous reports demonstrated that dietary omega-3 fatty acids intake was associated with muscle strength, (10,14,15) few studies reported the association between dietary omega-3 fatty acids intake and muscle mass. (9) Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary omega-3 fatty acids intake and sarcopenia diagnosed by both muscle strength and mass in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.…”