Ratio of Serum Calcium to Magnesium Levels on Pregnancy With and Without Preeclampsia

Abstract

Background Preeclampsia increases maternal and perinatal mortality and is affected by calcium and magnesium levels. Reduced extracellular levels of calcium and magnesium constitute the pathogenesis of eclampsia. A reduction in the calcium-magnesium ratio may aid in the detection and prevention of preeclampsia. Material/Methods This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design, including patients with and without preeclampsia (inpatient and outpatient). A total of 246 patients were included in this research; 138 patients had preeclampsia and 108 patients did not. All examinations of magnesium and calcium levels at the Hasan Sadikin Hospital Clinical Pathology laboratory were conducted using an ion selective electrode modified with methylthymol blue complexometric titration. Results Patients with preeclampsia had significantly higher average serum magnesium and calcium levels than did patients without preeclampsia (2.85 vs 2.09, P =0.0001; 4.45 vs 4.85, P =0.025, respectively). Patients with preeclampsia demonstrated significantly lower serum calcium-magnesium ratios than did patients without preeclampsia (1.98 vs 2.60, P =0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis on the serum calcium-magnesium ratio showed an area under the curve of 68.0% ( P =0.0001), with a cutoff value of 2.36 (sensitivity 64.8%, specificity 62.3%), indicating that patients with serum calcium-magnesium ratios of <2.36 were predicted to have a risk of preeclampsia. Conclusions Patients with preeclampsia had significantly lower serum calcium-magnesium ratios than did patients without preeclampsia; therefore, a low calcium-magnesium ratio could be a risk factor for preeclampsia.

Dietary macrominerals: Updated review of their role and orchestration in human nutrition throughout the life cycle with sex differences

“…Accumulating evidence shows that there is an increased magnesium intake requirement during pregnancy due to the need for fetus bone formation ( Fanni et al, 2021 ). Moreover, Winarno et al showed that patients with preeclampsia had significantly lower serum calcium-magnesium ratios than did healthy pregnant women; therefore, magnesium deficiency status during gestation may interfere with fetal growth and development and may lead to premature labor ( Winarno et al, 2021 ). Other clinical trials have associated intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with a higher risk of undergoing insulin resistance later in life, suggesting that chronic intrauterine magnesium deficiency might result in IUGR.…”

The Magnesium Status and Suggested Reference Ranges of Plasma Magnesium, Calcium, and Calcium/Magnesium Ratio in Chinese Adults over 45 Years Old

“…This ratio is also greater than that of 18–44-year-old Chinese childbearing women (2.41–3.44) [ 14 ]. Gatot Winarno’s research [ 29 ] used a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis on the serum Ca/Mg ratio and showed that women with a serum Ca/Mg ratio of <2.36 were predicted to have a risk of preeclampsia. Qing Li [ 30 ] used the data of a prospective cohort study of 3380 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients to assess the associations of plasma Ca/Mg ratio with mortality in patients with CAD.…”

Magnesium Status and Ca/Mg Ratios in a Series of Children and Adolescents with Chronic Diseases

“…Other experimental data suggest that a higher intracellular Ca/Mg ratio, induced by a diet elevated in Ca and deficient in Mg, may cause HTN, IR, and MetS [ 161 ]. Women with preeclampsia had a meaningfully higher mean serum Ca/Mg ratio than women without preeclampsia [ 162 ]. Moreover, the Ca/Mg ratio plays the main role in the stimulation and transmission of nerve cell signals.…”