Ratiometric electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose

Abstract

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) detection is of high importance as it is a versatile (bio)marker whose detection can indicate the presence of explosives, enzyme activity and cell signalling pathways. Herein, we demonstrate the rapid and accurate ratiometric electrochemical detection of HO using disposable screen-printed electrodes through a reaction-based indicator assay. Ferrocene derivatives equipped with self-immolative linkers and boronic acid ester moieties were synthesised and tested, and, through a thorough assay optimisation, the optimum probe showed good stability, sensitivity and selectivity towards HO. The optimised conditions were then applied to the indirect detection of glucose via an enzymatic assay, capable of distinguishing 10 μM from the background within minutes.

Syntheses, Characterization, and Preliminary Evaluation of Potential Ruthenium Anticancer Complexes Containing Schiff Base Ligands

“…Lastly, upfield, a singlet at 0.06 ppm was assigned to the 9 hydrogens on the trimethylsilyl (TMS) group. These resonances were consistent with that of the compound already reported in literature 40. The carbamate compound is stable and can undergo further reaction without decomposition.The final step in the synthesis used tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to deprotect the carbamate to yield the target aminoferrocene.…”

“…Three peaks were observed; two triplets at chemical shifts of 4.75 ppm and 4.44 ppm were assigned to the four hydrogen on the substituted cyclopentadienyl ring and a singlet at 4.19 ppm chemical shift were assigned to the five hydrogens on the unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl ring. The resonances observed were consistent with the spectrum reported in literature indicating a successful synthesis of the compound 40. The synthetic scheme of the compound is shown inFigure 25.…”

“…In the first step, ferrocenoyl azide was prepared by The spectrum was consistent with that as reported in literature. 40 The reaction scheme of aminoferrocene is shown in Figure 27. Similar to compound L4, L6 was synthesized by stirring a mixture aminoferrocene and 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde dichloromethane at room temperature for 1 hour (Figure 31).…”

An Organophosphorus(III)-Selective Chemodosimeter for the Ratiometric Electrochemical Detection of Phosphines

“…Inspired by trigger-linker-effector methodology [23,24], benzyl ferrocenylcarbamates have been effectively employed for the ratiometric electrochemical detection of both enzymes, such as β-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase [25,26], and small molecules, such as fluoride and hydrogen peroxide [27,28]. To achieve our objective of developing a molecular probe for organophosphorus(III) species, we designed benzyl ferrocenylcarbamate 1 with a 4-azido trigger to allow for the chemoselectivity for the target to be attained through a Staudinger reaction.…”

Ratiometric electrochemical detection of β-galactosidase

“…13 The development of ratiometric probes has overcome the issues of reproducibility, by the ability to obtain direct conversions, minimising both sampling errors and systematic errors from instrument variation. 14 Ferrocene-based ratiometric chemodosimeters for enzyme detection have previously been reported for alkaline phosphatase, 15 and glucose oxidase, 16 but none currently for β-Gal.…”