Rational and semi‐rational solutions for a (3 + 1)‐dimensional generalized KP–Boussinesq equation in shallow water wave

Abstract

In this paper, a new extended (3 + 1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP)-Boussinesq equation, with two additional terms u tt and u xz , is proposed and investigated. This new equation models both left and right going waves like the Boussinesq equation and describes the transmission of tsunami waves at the bottom of the ocean and nonlinear ion-acoustic waves in the magnetized dusty plasm. We have constructed one set of breathers and first order periodic waves from the two-soliton solution. Moreover, the four-soliton solution consists of two sets of breathers, second order periodic waves, and a hybrid of breathers and periodic line waves. Then, we introduce two kinds of "long wave" limits to obtain the rational and semi-rational solutions for N = 2, 3, 4. Under specific parametric constraints, the obtained rational and semi-rational solutions are nonsingular. The rational solution can be classified as first order line rogue wave, single breather, second order line rogue wave, double breather, a hybrid of breather and line rogue wave, a hybrid of breather, and single soliton. The semi-rational solution can be classified as the first and second order kink-shaped rogue wave, a hybrid of breather and one (two) soliton(s), a hybrid of a set of breathers, and a single soliton (breather). In addition, we give Theorem 2.1 for the higher order rational solutions.

Going beyond the Black-Scholes option pricing model: financial rogue waves in quantum mechanics

“…2. Next, based on the 2-soliton solution, we will construct the first order financial rogue wave solution of the generalized Black-Scholes equation (2.4) via the "long wave" limit [40,41]. Assuming p j , Ω j , ϕ j , η j are complex numbers, the 2-soliton solution can be expressed as…”