“…Indeed, Frontiers in Materials frontiersin.org permeability, pressure drop and fluid flow-induced wall shear stress are important properties to be considered for porous parts to be used in numerous fields, namely, biomedical, environmental, energy, space and aerospace. To this extent, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a useful tool to optimize the structure of the object to be printed, such as scaffolds (Ali et al, 2020;Lei et al, 2022;Prakoso et al, 2023), membranes/filters (Kovacev et al, 2021;Chevarin et al, 2023), nozzles (Naveen Kumar et al, 2017). In the case of bone tissue engineering, in which bioactivity, cell differentiation and proliferation within the scaffolds are fundamental, numerous parameters of the scaffold can be varied and tested thanks to CFD avoiding expensive and timeconsuming experimental trials.…”