Rational Design and Development of Electrospun Nanofibrous Biohybrid Composites

Abstract

Bioencapsulation has gained substantial attention in a wide spectrum of applications including bioremediation, sensing, and catalysis over the past few decades. However, such biohybrid systems suffer with many drawbacks in terms of low viability, low diffusion, and loss of biological activity. Therefore, it is more important to preserve the pristine characteristics and activity of biological elements against various environmental factors. In recent years, electrospinning has been acknowledged as a feasible technique for fabricating biohybrid fibrous composites by incorporating various biological materials using several approaches including direct encapsulation, core–shell encapsulation, and surface immobilization. In this review, the recent developments on the different methodologies in encapsulation and immobilization of microbial cells (i.e., bacteria, algae, viruses, and yeast) in electrospun nanofibers and their potential applications in bioremediation, food, agriculture, biocatalysis, regenerative medicine, etc. are briefly summarized. Further, ongoing challenges and future outlook in the electrospun nanofibrous biohybrid composites fabrication are concluded.

Nanocellulose: Recent Fundamental Advances and Emerging Biological and Biomimicking Applications

“…Balusamy et al. [ 368 ] discusses the encapsulation of virus in cellulose diacetate–PEO matrix using electrospinning but the approach does not involve microalgae. A thorough review effort on microalgae immobilization [ 359 ] did not yet deal with the subject of cellulose as a matrix material for photosynthetic cell factories, not to mention the exploitation of highly hygroscopic nanocellulosic networks.…”

“…Trentepholia aurea forming biofilms on filter paper, [366] and Phromidium laminosum immobilized in cellulose fibers [367] have been used for nitrogen and/or phosphorus removal from waste waters. Balusamy et al [368] discusses the encapsulation of virus in cellulose diacetate-PEO matrix using electrospinning but the approach does not involve microalgae. A thorough review effort on microalgae immobilization [359] did not yet deal with the subject of cellulose as a matrix material for photosynthetic cell factories, not to mention the exploitation of highly hygroscopic nanocellulosic networks.…”

Incorporation of Layered Rectorite into Biocompatible Core–Sheath Nanofibrous Mats for Sustained Drug Delivery

“…The incorporation of organic or inorganic materials in the NF matrix is another effective strategy for promoting drug delivery. − The incorporation can combine both advantageous characteristics via the synergistic effects to obtain superior physical and chemical properties, as well as enhanced controlled release . Rectorite (REC), the chemical component of Ca x (H 2 O)­{Al 2 [AlxSi 4– x O 10 ]­(OH) 2 }, is an inorganic layered silicate with alternating pairs of dioctahedral mica-like layers and montmorillonite-like layers in the ratio of 1:1 .…”

Electrospun Nanofibers for Wound Dressing and Tissue Engineering Applications

“…Owing to the potential beneficial features, the electrospun nanofibers have been enormously employed in various sectors including energy [9][10][11][12][13], environmental [9,[10][11][12][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] and biomedical [9,12,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] applications. Especially, appreciable efforts have been paved towards designing and development of various elect- rospun nanofibers for wound healing and tissue engineering applications that brought the fields a step forward [31,34,42,[44][45][46][47]…”