“…These medications, often called psychotropic drugs, affect the way in which receptors, transporters, and enzymes function in the body. 34 Electrochemical sensors have been developed for 35 antipsychotics, [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] anti-anxiety medications, 35 antidepressants [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] and the mood stabilizer lithium. 51 However, electrochemical detection can be difficult because without sample preparation, there are often interfering signals.…”