Rational design of Prussian blue analogues as conversion anodes for lithium-ion batteries with high capacity and long cycle life

Universal Strategy for Preparing Highly Stable PBA/Ti3C2Tx MXene toward Lithium-Ion Batteries via Chemical Transformation

“…1−6 The charge storage mechanism is mainly attributed to the insertion/extraction of Li + in the channels and interstices of PB and PBA crystals. 7,8 For instance, Zhang et al synthesized Mn 3 [Co(CN) 6 ] 2 cubes with a lateral size of 300 nm and utilized them as anode materials for LIBs. 9 An output capacity of 359.4 mAh g −1 was achieved at 50 mA g −1 , which decreased rapidly to 35.3 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles.…”

Application of a conversion electrode based on decomposition derivatives of Ag4[Fe(CN)6] for aqueous electrolyte batteries

“…2 In addition to the intercalation/deintercalation charge storage mechanism, there is a conversion reaction type for certain representatives of PBAs that are only used as anode materials and solely in organic electrolytes. 6 The reason for this is the need for the application of low potentials, i.e. À3.05 to À1.45 V vs. SHE (0 to 1.5 vs. Li/Li + ), to reduce Me n+ to Me 0 in PBAs.…”

“…One of the disadvantages of conversion reactions is the low reversibility of the 1 st reduction process due to the full structure and morphology changes, and the formation of a surface electrolyte interface (SEI) leads to poor coulombic efficiency of around 50%. 6,8,9 Another drawback is the low cycling life that is usually limited to 100-200 cycles with the capacity fading down to 50-70% compared to the 2 nd cycle, which can be explained by the constant morphology changes followed by the loss of contact between the electrode and the current collector. Nevertheless, by applying a rational PBA representative, it is possible to achieve long cyclability at a high current density.…”

“…It has been shown that K x Mn[Fe(CN) 6 ] has a multistep mechanism of conversion involving the fracture and recombination of Mn (N-coordinated) bonds, while the stronger Fe (C-coordinated) bond is still preserved ( eqn (3)–(7) ). 6 K x Mn III/II [Fe III (CN) 6 ] + x Li + + x e − ⇌ Mn + Li 5 Fe I (CN) 6 + KCN + LiCN Mn + Li 5 Fe I (CN) 6 − 2e − − 2Li + ⇌ Li 3 Mn I [Fe II (CN) 6 ] Li 3 Mn I [Fe II (CN) 6 ] − e − − Li + ⇌ Li 2 Mn II [Fe II (CN) 6 ] Li 2 Mn II [Fe II (CN) 6 ] − e − − Li + ⇌ LiMn II [Fe III (CN) 6 ] LiMn II [Fe III (CN) 6 ] − e − − Li + ⇌ Mn III [Fe III (CN) 6 ] …”

Estudio de análogos de azul de Prusia como materiales para baterías de intercalación de ion potasio: efecto del metal externo sobre el comportamiento electroquímico

“…Los resultados de FTIR muestran que las diferentes sustituciones iónicas no provocan desplazamientos apreciables sobre las señales para los dos modos de vibración. Tal comportamiento difiere al presentado por otros PBAs, los cuales incluso presentan menores porcentajes de sustitución que el empleado en este trabajo [80,123] En los espectros de infrarrojo de las Figuras 38a-b se reportaron las vibraciones del enlace para O-H en 1616 cm -1 y 3414 cm -1 , las cuales están relacionadas con el agua superficial e intersticial, como ha sido sugerido [124][125][126][127]. La eliminación de estos tipos de agua ocurre a una temperatura cercana a los 200 °C, como se reporta en las curvas TGA de la Figura 38c [69,[128][129][130][131].…”