Rational Design of Soft, Thermally Conductive Composite Liquid‐Cooled Tubes for Enhanced Personal, Robotics, and Wearable Electronics Cooling

Kotagama, Praveen; Phadnis, Akshay; Manning, Kenneth C.; Rykaczewski, Konrad

doi:10.1002/admt.201800690

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Modern microelectronic devices as well as emerging technologies such as wearable electronics and soft robotics require conformable and thermally conductive soft materials to improve their performance and longevity . In most of these applications, such materials are used to facilitate heat transfer out of microelectronic devices by filling in the microscopic air gaps between adjacent components.…”

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confidence: 99%

Oxide‐Mediated Formation of Chemically Stable Tungsten–Liquid Metal Mixtures for Enhanced Thermal Interfaces

et al. 2019

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Modern microelectronics and emerging technologies such as wearable devices and soft robotics require conformable and thermally conductive thermal interface materials to improve their performance and longevity. Gallium‐based liquid metals (LMs) are promising candidates for these applications yet are limited by their moderate thermal conductivity, difficulty in surface‐spreading, and pump‐out issues. Incorporation of metallic particles into the LM can address these problems, but observed alloying processes shift the LM melting point and lead to undesirable formation of additional surface roughness. Here, these problems are addressed by introducing a mixture of tungsten microparticles dispersed within a LM matrix (LM‐W) that exhibits two‐ to threefold enhanced thermal conductivity (62 ± 2.28 W m−1 K−1 for gallium and 57 ± 2.08 W m−1 K−1 for EGaInSn at a 40% filler volume mixing ratio) and liquid‐to‐paste transition for better surface application. It is shown that the formation of a nanometer‐scale LM oxide in oxygen‐rich environments allows highly nonwetting tungsten particles to mix into LMs. Using in situ imaging and particle dipping experimentation within a focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy system, the oxide‐assisted mechanism behind this wetting process is revealed. Furthermore, since tungsten does not undergo room‐temperature alloying with gallium, it is shown that LM‐W remains a chemically stable mixture.

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confidence: 99%

Oxide‐Mediated Formation of Chemically Stable Tungsten–Liquid Metal Mixtures for Enhanced Thermal Interfaces

et al. 2019

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“…[ 68 ] In an LCG, a coolant is circulated inside the small tubes which absorb heat from the human body when its temperature is below the skin temperature. [ 73 ] A heat sink or cooler is usually equipped to cool and recycle the warmed circulating liquid. It is the additional heat sink that makes an LCG more complicated than the ACG.…”

Section: Conventional Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Materials and Strategies for Personal Thermal Management

Liu

Shin

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

413

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us warm in cold climates and shielded us from the nakedness for modesty and civilization. [1,2] Cloth is also a platform for artists, designers, and tailors to advance the clothing demands with emerging materials, process, and fashion. [2] While the majority of the functionalities of clothes lie in their physical attributes, such as their softness, breathability, air/ vapor permeability, and, of course the appearance, their role in thermal management is equally, if not more, important. The primary goal of clothing is to satisfy human being's basic needs in thermal comfort, by providing cooling in the hot environment or heating in the cold environment. [1] The energy management aspect of clothing is becoming an increasingly important and attractive aspect due to our increasing awareness to energy consumption and our persisting pursuit of comfort and health. The finite availability and the associated environmental consequence of fossil fuels have motivated us to save energy from virtually all aspects of our daily lives. A suitable thermal envelop is a necessity for our living and working. To create a comfortable indoor environment, the building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are widely used for space cooling and heating at the expense of excessive energy consumption. [3][4][5][6] According to United States In this decade, the demands of energy saving and diverse personal thermoregulation requirements along with the emergence of wearable electronics and smart textiles give rise to the resurgence of personal thermal management (PTM) technologies. PTM, including personal cooling, heating, insulation, and thermoregulation, are far more flexible and extensive than the traditional air/liquid cooling garments for the human body. Concomitantly, many new advanced materials and strategies have emerged in this decade, promoting the thermoregulation performance and the wearing comfort of PTM simultaneously. In this review, an overview is presented of the state-ofthe-art and the prospects in this burgeoning field. The emerging materials and strategies of PTM are introduced, and classed by their thermal functions. The concept of infrared-transparent visible-opaque fabric (ITVOF) is first highlighted, as it triggers the work on advanced PTM by combining it with radiative cooling, and the corresponding implementations and realizations are subsequently introduced, followed by wearable heaters, flexible thermoelectric devices, and sweat-management Janus textiles. Finally, critical considerations on the challenges and opportunities of PTM are presented and future directions are identified, including thermally conductive polymers and fibers, physiological/psychological statistical analysis, and smart PTM strategies.

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“…Soft functional materials will significantly enhance thermal effect, and they are suitable to use on skin; the effects of burns and skin or tissue damages are important in wearable device application. 123 The design of thermal devices includes the parameters of contact pressure, material properties, material geometry, and substrate properties. Design flexibility and robustness are considered due to the complex shape of these devices, which should be comfortable when attach directly to the human body.…”

Section: Advanced Materials In Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The innovation achieved 85% temperature reduction due to the utilization of an excellent material, namely, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which successfully dissipates heat from a device without burning damage on the skin. Soft functional materials will significantly enhance thermal effect, and they are suitable to use on skin; the effects of burns and skin or tissue damages are important in wearable device application 123 . The design of thermal devices includes the parameters of contact pressure, material properties, material geometry, and substrate properties.…”

Section: Important Factors For Enhancing Thermal Management Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal management of wearable and implantable electronic healthcare devices: Perspective and measurement approach

2020

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Summary The performance of electronic devices, mostly in medical applications, has been investigated to determine whether they meet the requirements of healthcare monitoring and patient's satisfaction. Mobile health monitoring is preferable at present given the current innovations in handheld, wearable, and implantable devices. However, these applications require appropriate thermal management because they are attached directly to the human body and operate for a long period. Moreover, a sophisticated design with functional mobility necessitates proper thermal circulation during the process. This review provides the current research direction for cooling systems, the thermal working principle of wearable and implantable devices, and its implementation on design architecture. Then, the importance of internal and external functional properties in thermal management and their effects on device performance are discussed. Operating temperature is among the most important elements in monitoring thermal performance due to the tendency of tissue and component damages to occur after an increment of only 1°C or 2°C in temperature. Challenges and available solutions for thermal management are listed in detail to improve cooling methods and service to the healthcare field.

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Rational Design of Soft, Thermally Conductive Composite Liquid‐Cooled Tubes for Enhanced Personal, Robotics, and Wearable Electronics Cooling

Cited by 37 publications

References 60 publications

Oxide‐Mediated Formation of Chemically Stable Tungsten–Liquid Metal Mixtures for Enhanced Thermal Interfaces

Oxide‐Mediated Formation of Chemically Stable Tungsten–Liquid Metal Mixtures for Enhanced Thermal Interfaces

Emerging Materials and Strategies for Personal Thermal Management

Thermal management of wearable and implantable electronic healthcare devices: Perspective and measurement approach

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